相关论文: Another Proof of the Four Colour Theorem -- Part 2…

This paper presents a short and simple proof of the Four-Color Theorem that can be utterly checkable by human mathematicians, without computer assistance. The new key idea that has allowed it and the global structure of the proof are…

For the four-color theorem that has been developed over one and half centuries, all people believe it right but without complete proof convincing all1-3. Former proofs are to find the basic four-colorable patterns on a planar graph to…

We say that a graph $H$ is planar unavoidable if there is a planar graph $G$ such that any red/blue coloring of the edges of $G$ contains a monochromatic copy of $H$, otherwise we say that $H$ is planar avoidable. I.e., $H$ is planar…

We give a pictorial proof that transparently illustrates why four colours suffce to chromatically differentiate any set of contiguous, simply connected and bounded, planar spaces; by showing that there is no minimal planar map. We show,…

A simpler proof of the four color theorem is presented. The proof was reached using a series of equivalent theorems. First the maximum number of edges of a planar graph is obatined as well as the minimum number of edges for a complete…

The famous four color theorem states that for all planar graphs, every vertex can be assigned one of 4 colors such that no two adjacent vertices receive the same color. Since Francis Guthrie first conjectured it in 1852, it is until 1976…

In this paper, we give a proof for four color theorem(four color conjecture). Our proof does not involve computer assistance and the most important is that it can be generalized to prove Hadwiger Conjecture. Moreover, we give algorithms to…

We give a pen and paper and (comparatively) much simpler proof to verify of the Four Colour Theorem.

There are two conjectures concerning planar graph colourings that are strengthenings of the four colour theorem. One concerns signed graph colouring and is proposed by M\'{a}\v{c}ajov\'{a}, Raspaud and \v{S}koviera. It asserts that every…

We give a near-linear time 4-coloring algorithm for planar graphs, improving on the previous quadratic time algorithm by Robertson et al. from 1996. Such an algorithm cannot be achieved by the known proofs of the Four Color Theorem (4CT).…

In this paper, we provide an easy proof of the Four-colour Theorem in a special case indeed.

In [J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 70 (1997), 2-44] we gave a simplified proof of the Four-Color Theorem. The proof is computer-assisted in the sense that for two lemmas in the article we did not give proofs, and instead asserted that we have…

This paper presents a path to proving the Four-Color Theorem that differs from the traditional "reducible configuration" method. By introducing concepts such as "outer boundary," "primitive set," "Property A," "knot," "valid pair group,"…

We present an alternate proof of the fact that given any 4-coloring of the plane there exist two points unit distance apart which are identically colored.

We present a new proof of the known fact that the chromatic number of the plane is at least 5. The main difference of this proof is that it can be verified manually without the help of the computer.

The well-known Steinberg's conjecture asserts that any planar graph without 4- and 5-cycles is 3 colorable. In this note we have given a short algorithmic proof of this conjecture based on the spiral chains of planar graphs proposed in the…

The four-color theorem states that no more than four colors are required to color all nodes in planar graphs such that no two adjacent nodes are of the same color. The theorem was first propounded by Francis Guthrie in 1852. Since then,…

In this paper we have investigated some old issues concerning four color map problem. We have given a general method for constructing counter-examples to Kempe's proof of the four color theorem and then show that all counterexamples can be…

We make an attempt at proving the Four Colour Theorem in six pages.

In [J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 70 (1997), 2-44] we gave a simplified proof of the Four-Color Theorem. The proof is computer-assisted in the sense that for two lemmas in the article we did not give proofs, and instead asserted that we have…