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Code-switching (CS), defined as the mixing of languages in conversations, has become a worldwide phenomenon. The prevalence of CS has been recently met with a growing demand and interest to build CS ASR systems. In this paper, we present…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-08-31 Injy Hamed , Pavel Denisov , Chia-Yu Li , Mohamed Elmahdy , Slim Abdennadher , Ngoc Thang Vu

Why do bilingual speakers code-switch (mix their two languages)? Among the several theories that attempt to explain this natural and ubiquitous phenomenon, the Triggering Hypothesis relates code-switching to the presence of lexical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-30 Shuly Wintner , Safaa Shehadi , Yuli Zeira , Doreen Osmelak , Yuval Nov

Code-switching (CS) refers to the phenomenon that languages switch within a speech signal and leads to language confusion for automatic speech recognition (ASR). This paper aims to address language confusion for improving CS-ASR from two…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-10-27 Hexin Liu , Haihua Xu , Leibny Paola Garcia , Andy W. H. Khong , Yi He , Sanjeev Khudanpur

While large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong multilingual abilities, their reliance on English as latent representations creates a translation barrier, where reasoning implicitly depends on internal translation into English. When this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-08 Haneul Yoo , Jiho Jin , Kyunghyun Cho , Alice Oh

Code-switching (CS), i.e. mixing different languages in a single sentence, is a common phenomenon in communication and can be challenging in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) settings. Previous studies on CS speech have shown promising…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Belen Alastruey , Matthias Sperber , Christian Gollan , Dominic Telaar , Tim Ng , Aashish Agarwal

Code-switching automatic speech recognition (CS-ASR) presents unique challenges due to language confusion introduced by spontaneous intra-sentence switching and accent bias that blurs the phonetic boundaries. Although the constituent…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-03-18 Hexin Liu , Haoyang Zhang , Qiquan Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang , Dongyuan Shi , Eng Siong Chng , Haizhou Li

Code-switching, also called code-mixing, is the linguistics phenomenon where in casual settings, multilingual speakers mix words from different languages in one utterance. Due to its spontaneous nature, code-switching is extremely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-01 Shuyue Stella Li , Cihan Xiao , Tianjian Li , Bismarck Odoom

Code-switching (CS), the alternating use of two or more languages, challenges automatic speech recognition (ASR) due to scarce training data and linguistic similarities. The lack of dedicated CS datasets limits ASR performance, as most…

Language in the Arab world presents a complex diglossic and multilingual setting, involving the use of Modern Standard Arabic, various dialects and sub-dialects, as well as multiple European languages. This diverse linguistic landscape has…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-24 Injy Hamed , Caroline Sabty , Slim Abdennadher , Ngoc Thang Vu , Thamar Solorio , Nizar Habash

There is a lack of an evaluation methodology that estimates the extent to which large language models (LLMs) use code-switching (CS) in the same way as bilinguals. Existing methods do not have wide language coverage, fail to account for the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Igor Sterner , Simone Teufel

Code-switching (CS) phenomenon occurs when words or phrases from different languages are alternated in a single sentence. Due to data scarcity, building an effective CS Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system remains challenging. In this…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-09-23 Yu Xi , Wen Ding , Kai Yu , Junjie Lai

This paper examines the Code-Switching (CS) phenomenon where two languages intertwine within a single utterance. There exists a noticeable need for research on the CS between English and Korean. We highlight that the current Equivalence…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-23 Jangyeong Jeon , Sangyeon Cho , Minuk Ma , Junyoung Kim

Code-switching (CSW) is a common phenomenon among multilingual speakers where multiple languages are used in a single discourse or utterance. Mixed language utterances may still contain grammatical errors however, yet most existing Grammar…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-13 Kelvin Wey Han Chan , Christopher Bryant , Li Nguyen , Andrew Caines , Zheng Yuan

Code-switching (CS), the alternation between two or more languages within a single speaker's utterances, is common in real-world conversations and poses significant challenges for multilingual speech technology. However, systems capable of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-22 Sangmin Lee , Woojin Chung , Seyun Um , Hong-Goo Kang

Code-switching (CS) speech translation (ST) aims to translate speech that alternates between multiple languages into a target language text, posing significant challenges due to the complexity of semantic modeling and the scarcity of CS…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Yan Gao , Yazheng Yang , Zhibin Lan , Yidong Chen , Min Zhang , Daimeng Wei , Derek F. Wong , Jinsong Su

Spoken language change detection (LCD) refers to identifying the language transitions in a code-switched utterance. Similarly, identifying the speaker transitions in a multispeaker utterance is known as speaker change detection (SCD). Since…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-06-19 Jagabandhu Mishra , S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna

Motivated by a growing research interest into automatic speech recognition (ASR), and the growing body of work for languages in which code-switching (CS) often occurs, we present a systematic literature review of code-switching in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-11 Maha Tufail Agro , Atharva Kulkarni , Karima Kadaoui , Zeerak Talat , Hanan Aldarmaki

Code-switching is a common communication phenomenon where individuals alternate between two or more languages or linguistic styles within a single conversation. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder posing challenges in…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-06-07 Mohd Mujtaba Akhtar , Girish , Orchid Chetia Phukan , Muskaan Singh

Code-switching, the act of alternating between languages, emerged as a prevalent global phenomenon that needs to be addressed for building user-friendly language technologies. A main bottleneck in this pursuit is data scarcity, motivating…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Injy Hamed , Ngoc Thang Vu , Nizar Habash

Large language models (LLMs) now exhibit near human-level performance in various tasks, but their performance drops drastically after a handful of high-resource languages due to the imbalance in pre-training data. Inspired by the human…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Haneul Yoo , Cheonbok Park , Sangdoo Yun , Alice Oh , Hwaran Lee