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We present a review of atmospheric muon flux and energy spectrum measurements over almost six decades of muon momentum. Sea-level and underground/water/ice experiments are considered. Possible sources of systematic errors in the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2012-08-16 Stefano Cecchini , Maurizio Spurio

Cosmic ray muons have emerged as a non-conventional high-energy radiation probe to monitor dense and large objects. Muons are the most abundant cosmic radiation on Earth, however, their flux at sea level is approximately 10,000 min^-1m^-2…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2022-01-05 Junghyun Bae , Stylianos Chatzidakis

We report a measurement of the angular distributions of Drell-Yan dimuons produced using an 800 GeV/c proton beam on a deuterium target. The muon angular distributions in polar angle $\theta$ and azimuthal angle $\phi$ have been measured…

高能物理 - 实验 · 物理学 2008-11-26 L. Y. Zhu , J. C. Peng , P. E. Reimer , T. C. Awes , M. L. Brooks , C. N. Brown

The angular distributions of muons from Upsilon(1S,2S,3S) to mu+mu- decays are measured using data from proton anti-proton collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.7 /fb and collected with the CDF II…

高能物理 - 实验 · 物理学 2012-06-01 T. Aaltonen , B. Álvarez Gonzálezz , S. Amerio , D. Amidei , A. Anastassovx , A. Annovi , J. Antos , G. Apollinari , J. A. Appel , T. Arisawa , A. Artikov , J. Asaadi , W. Ashmanskas , B. Auerbach , A. Aurisano , F. Azfar , W. Badgett , T. Bae , A. Barbaro-Galtieri , V. E. Barnes , B. A. Barnett , P. Barriahh , P. Bartos , M. Bauceff , F. Bedeschi , S. Behari , G. Bellettinigg , J. Bellinger , D. Benjamin , A. Beretvas , A. Bhatti , D. Biselloff , I. Bizjak , K. R. Bland , B. Blumenfeld , A. Bocci , A. Bodek , D. Bortoletto , J. Boudreau , A. Boveia , L. Brigliadoriee , C. Bromberg , E. Brucken , J. Budagov , H. S. Budd , K. Burkett , G. Busettoff , P. Bussey , A. Buzatu , A. Calamba , C. Calancha , S. Camarda , M. Campanelli , M. Campbell , F. Canelli , B. Carls , D. Carlsmith , R. Carosi , S. Carrillom , S. Carron , B. Casalk , M. Casarsa , A. Castroee , P. Catastini , D. Cauz , V. Cavaliere , M. Cavalli-Sforza , A. Cerrif , L. Cerritos , Y. C. Chen , M. Chertok , G. Chiarelli , G. Chlachidze , F. Chlebana , K. Cho , D. Chokheli , W. H. Chung , Y. S. Chung , M. A. Cioccihh , A. Clark , C. Clarke , G. Compostellaff , M. E. Convery , J. Conway , M. Corbo , M. Cordelli , C. A. Cox , D. J. Cox , F. Crescioligg , J. Cuevasz , R. Culbertson , D. Dagenhart , N. d'Ascenzow , M. Datta , P. de Barbaro , M. Dell'Orsogg , L. Demortier , M. Deninno , F. Devoto , M. d'Erricoff , A. Di Cantogg , B. Di Ruzza , J. R. Dittmann , M. D'Onofrio , S. Donatigg , P. Dong , M. Dorigo , T. Dorigo , K. Ebina , A. Elagin , A. Eppig , R. Erbacher , S. Errede , N. Ershaidatdd , R. Eusebi , S. Farrington , M. Feindt , J. P. Fernandez , R. Field , G. Flanaganu , R. Forrest , M. J. Frank , M. Franklin , J. C. Freeman , Y. Funakoshi , I. Furic , M. Gallinaro , J. E. Garcia , A. F. Garfinkel , P. Garosihh , H. Gerberich , E. Gerchtein , S. Giagu , V. Giakoumopoulou , P. Giannetti , K. Gibson , C. M. Ginsburg , N. Giokaris , P. Giromini , G. Giurgiu , V. Glagolev , D. Glenzinski , M. Gold , D. Goldin , N. Goldschmidt , A. Golossanov , G. Gomez , G. Gomez-Ceballos , M. Goncharov , O. González , I. Gorelov , A. T. Goshaw , K. Goulianos , S. Grinstein , C. Grosso-Pilcher , R. C. Group , J. Guimaraes da Costa , S. R. Hahn , E. Halkiadakis , A. Hamaguchi , J. Y. Han , F. Happacher , K. Hara , D. Hare , M. Hare , R. F. Harr , K. Hatakeyama , C. Hays , M. Heck , J. Heinrich , M. Herndon , S. Hewamanage , A. Hocker , W. Hopkinsg , D. Horn , S. Hou , R. E. Hughes , M. Hurwitz , U. Husemann , N. Hussain , M. Hussein , J. Huston , G. Introzzi , M. Iorijj , A. Ivanovp , E. James , D. Jang , B. Jayatilaka , E. J. Jeon , S. Jindariani , M. Jones , K. K. Joo , S. Y. Jun , T. R. Junk , T. Kamon , P. E. Karchin , A. Kasmi , Y. Katoo , W. Ketchum , J. Keung , V. Khotilovich , B. Kilminster , D. H. Kim , H. S. Kim , J. E. Kim , M. J. Kim , S. B. Kim , S. H. Kim , Y. K. Kim , Y. J. Kim , N. Kimura , M. Kirby , S. Klimenko , K. Knoepfel , K. Kondo , D. J. Kong , J. Konigsberg , A. V. Kotwal , M. Kreps , J. Kroll , D. Krop , M. Kruse , V. Krutelyovc , T. Kuhr , M. Kurata , S. Kwang , A. T. Laasanen , S. Lami , S. Lammel , M. Lancaster , R. L. Lander , K. Lannony , A. Lath , G. Latinohh , T. LeCompte , E. Lee , H. S. Leeq , J. S. Lee , S. W. Leebb , S. Leogg , S. Leone , J. D. Lewis , A. Limosanit , C. -J. Lin , M. Lindgren , E. Lipeles , A. Lister , D. O. Litvintsev , C. Liu , H. Liu , Q. Liu , T. Liu , S. Lockwitz , A. Loginov , D. Lucchesiff , J. Lueck , P. Lujan , P. Lukens , G. Lungu , J. Lys , R. Lysake , R. Madrak , K. Maeshima , P. Maestrohh , S. Malik , G. Mancaa , A. Manousakis-Katsikakis , F. Margaroli , C. Marino , M. Martínez , P. Mastrandrea , K. Matera , M. E. Mattson , A. Mazzacane , P. Mazzanti , K. S. McFarland , P. McIntyre , R. McNultyj , A. Mehta , P. Mehtala , C. Mesropian , T. Miao , D. Mietlicki , A. Mitra , H. Miyake , S. Moed , N. Moggi , M. N. Mondragonm , C. S. Moon , R. Moore , M. J. Morelloii , J. Morlock , P. Movilla Fernandez , A. Mukherjee , Th. Muller , P. Murat , M. Mussiniee , J. Nachtmann , Y. Nagai , J. Naganoma , I. Nakano , A. Napier , J. Nett , C. Neu , M. S. Neubauer , J. Nielsend , L. Nodulman , S. Y. Noh , O. Norniella , L. Oakes , S. H. Oh , Y. D. Oh , I. Oksuzian , T. Okusawa , R. Orava , L. Ortolan , S. Pagan Grisoff , C. Pagliarone , E. Palenciaf , V. Papadimitriou , A. A. Paramonov , J. Patrick , G. Paulettakk , M. Paulini , C. Paus , D. E. Pellett , A. Penzo , T. J. Phillips , G. Piacentino , E. Pianori , J. Pilot , K. Pitts , C. Plager , L. Pondrom , S. Poprockig , K. Potamianos , F. Prokoshincc , A. Pranko , F. Ptohosh , G. Punzigg , A. Rahaman , V. Ramakrishnan , N. Ranjan , I. Redondo , P. Renton , M. Rescigno , T. Riddick , F. Rimondiee , L. Ristori , A. Robson , T. Rodrigo , T. Rodriguez , E. Rogers , S. Rollii , R. Roser , F. Ruffinihh , A. Ruiz , J. Russ , V. Rusu , A. Safonov , W. K. Sakumoto , Y. Sakurai , L. Santikk , K. Sato , V. Savelievw , A. Savoy-Navarroaa , P. Schlabach , A. Schmidt , E. E. Schmidt , T. Schwarz , L. Scodellaro , A. Scribanohh , F. Scuri , S. Seidel , Y. Seiya , A. Semenov , F. Sforzahh , S. Z. Shalhout , T. Shears , P. F. Shepard , M. Shimojimav , M. Shochet , I. Shreyber-Tecker , A. Simonenko , P. Sinervo , K. Sliwa , J. R. Smith , F. D. Snider , A. Soha , V. Sorin , H. Song , P. Squillaciotihh , M. Stancari , R. St. Denis , B. Stelzer , O. Stelzer-Chilton , D. Stentzx , J. Strologas , G. L. Strycker , Y. Sudo , A. Sukhanov , I. Suslov , K. Takemasa , Y. Takeuchi , J. Tang , M. Tecchio , P. K. Teng , J. Thomg , J. Thome , G. A. Thompson , E. Thomson , D. Toback , S. Tokar , K. Tollefson , T. Tomura , D. Tonelli , S. Torre , D. Torretta , P. Totaro , M. Trovatoii , F. Ukegawa , S. Uozumi , A. Varganov , F. Vázquezm , G. Velev , C. Vellidis , M. Vidal , I. Vila , R. Vilar , J. Vizán , M. Vogel , G. Volpi , P. Wagner , R. L. Wagner , T. Wakisaka , R. Wallny , S. M. Wang , A. Warburton , D. Waters , W. C. Wester , D. Whitesonb , A. B. Wicklund , E. Wicklund , S. Wilbur , F. Wick , H. H. Williams , J. S. Wilson , P. Wilson , B. L. Winer , P. Wittichg , S. Wolbers , H. Wolfe , T. Wright , X. Wu , Z. Wu , K. Yamamoto , D. Yamato , T. Yang , U. K. Yangr , Y. C. Yang , W. -M. Yao , G. P. Yeh , K. Yin , J. Yoh , K. Yorita , T. Yoshidal , G. B. Yu , I. Yu , S. S. Yu , J. C. Yun , A. Zanetti , Y. Zeng , C. Zhou , S. Zucchelliee

We present a measurement of the ratio of positive to negative muon fluxes from cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere, using data collected by the CMS detector both at ground level and in the underground experimental cavern at the CERN…

高能物理 - 实验 · 物理学 2012-08-27 The CMS Collaboration

We present high energy spectra and zenith-angle distributions of the atmospheric muons computed for the depths of the locations of the underwater neutrino telescopes. We compare the calculations with the data obtained in the Baikal and the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2009-10-31 T. S. Sinegovskaya , S. I. Sinegovsky

Residual flux and angular distribution of high-energy cosmic muons have been measured in two underground locations at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) using a dedicated Muon Monitor. The instrument consists of three layers of fast…

Muon tomography (MT), based on atmospheric cosmic rays, is a promising technique suitable for nondestructive imaging of the internal structures of mountains. This method uses the measured flux distribution after attenuation, combined with…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2022-12-27 Bin Zhang , Zhe Wang , Shaomin Chen

The underground muon detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is aimed at attaining direct measurements of the muonic component of extensive air showers produced by cosmic rays with energy from $10^{16.5}$ eV up to the region of the ankle…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2021-09-01 A. M. Botti , F. Sánchez , M. Roth , A. Etchegoyen

Energy spectra and zenith angle distributions of atmospheric muons are calculated for the depths of operation of large underwater neutrino telescopes. The estimation of the prompt muon contribution is performed with three approaches to…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 A. Misaki , V. A. Naumov , T. S. Sinegovskaya , S. I. Sinegovsky , N. Takahashi

Atmospheric muons play an important role in underwater/ice neutrino detectors. In this paper, a parameterisation of the flux of single and multiple muon events, their lateral distribution and of their energy spectrum is presented. The…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2014-11-18 Y. Becherini , A. Margiotta , M. Sioli , M. Spurio

The Scattering and Neutrino Detector at the LHC (\SND) started taking data at the beginning of Run 3 of the LHC. The experiment is designed to perform measurements with neutrinos produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC in an energy…

高能物理 - 实验 · 物理学 2023-11-17 LHC Collaboration

Increasing interest in energetic particle effects on weather and climate has motivated development of a miniature scintillator-based detector intended for deployment on meteorological radiosondes or unmanned airborne vehicles. The detector…

仪器与探测器 · 物理学 2017-05-17 Karen L Aplin , Aaron A Briggs , R Giles Harrison , Graeme J Marlton

The NEMO Collaboration installed and operated an underwater detector including prototypes of the critical elements of a possible underwater km3 neutrino telescope: a four-floor tower (called Mini-Tower) and a Junction Box. The detector was…

The muon flux at the South-Pole was measured for five zenith angles, $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $35^{\circ}$, $82.13^{\circ}$ and $85.15^{\circ}$ with a scintillator muon telescope incorporating ice Cherenkov tank detectors as the absorber.…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2011-05-12 X. Bai , T. K. Gaisser , A. Karle , K. Rawlins , G. M. Spiczak , Todor Stanev

We explore the low energy neutrinos from stopped cosmic ray muons in the Earth. Based on the muon intensity at the sea level and the muon energy loss rate, the depth distributions of stopped muons in the rock and sea water can be derived.…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2019-05-01 Wan-Lei Guo

This paper presents the measurement of the scattering of 172 MeV/c muons in assorted materials, including liquid hydrogen, motivated by the need to understand ionisation cooling for muon acceleration. Data are compared with predictions from…

The vertical absolute fluxes of atmospheric muons and muon charge ratio have been measured precisely at different geomagnetic locations by using the BESS spectrometer. The observations had been performed at sea level (30 m above sea level)…

A new method for the measurement of the muon flux in the deep-sea ANTARES neutrino telescope and its dependence on the depth is presented. The method is based on the observation of coincidence signals in adjacent storeys of the detector.…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2012-08-27 ANTARES collaboration