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In computational pathology, random sampling of patches during training of Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) methods is computationally efficient and serves as a regularization strategy. Despite its promising benefits, questions concerning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-11 H. Keshvarikhojasteh , J. P. W. Pluim , M. Veta

Accurate tumor detection in digital pathology whole-slide images (WSIs) is crucial for cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has emerged as a widely used approach for weakly-supervised tumor detection…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-03-03 Marina D'Amato , Jeroen van der Laak , Francesco Ciompi

Multiple instance learning (MIL) stands as a powerful approach in weakly supervised learning, regularly employed in histological whole slide image (WSI) classification for detecting tumorous lesions. However, existing mainstream MIL methods…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-07-08 Wenhui Zhu , Xiwen Chen , Peijie Qiu , Aristeidis Sotiras , Abolfazl Razi , Yalin Wang

Whole slide image (WSI) assessment is a challenging and crucial step in cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. WSIs require high magnifications to facilitate sub-cellular analysis. Precise annotations for patch- or even pixel-level…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-11-20 Simon Holdenried-Krafft , Peter Somers , Ivonne A. Montes-Majarro , Diana Silimon , Cristina Tarín , Falko Fend , Hendrik P. A. Lensch

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for Whole Slide Image (WSI) diagnosis, offering effective learning with limited annotations. However, existing MIL frameworks overlook diagnostic priorities and fail to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Sungrae Hong , Jiwon Jeong , Jisu Shin , Donghee Han , Sol Lee , Kyungeun Kim , Mun Yong Yi

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as a promising direction in computational pathology, the substantial computational cost of giga-pixel Whole Slide Images (WSIs) necessitates the use of Multi-Instance Learning (MIL) to enable…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Zhenfeng Zhuang , Fangyu Zhou , Liansheng Wang

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a key algorithm for classification of whole slide images (WSI). Histology WSIs can have billions of pixels, which create enormous computational and annotation challenges. Typically, such images are…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-11-03 Andriy Myronenko , Ziyue Xu , Dong Yang , Holger Roth , Daguang Xu

Foundation models have recently emerged as powerful feature extractors in computational pathology, yet they typically omit mechanisms for leveraging the global spatial structure of tissues and the local contextual relationships among…

Weakly supervised instance labeling using only image-level labels, in lieu of expensive fine-grained pixel annotations, is crucial in several applications including medical image analysis. In contrast to conventional instance segmentation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-07-31 Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan , Satyananda Kashyap , Alexandros Karagyris

In computational pathology, whole-slide image (WSI) classification presents a formidable challenge due to its gigapixel resolution and limited fine-grained annotations. Multiple-instance learning (MIL) offers a weakly supervised solution,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-09-06 Renao Yan , Qiehe Sun , Cheng Jin , Yiqing Liu , Yonghong He , Tian Guan , Hao Chen

Pathology detection and delineation enables the automatic interpretation of medical scans such as chest X-rays while providing a high level of explainability to support radiologists in making informed decisions. However, annotating…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-07 Philip Müller , Felix Meissen , Johannes Brandt , Georgios Kaissis , Daniel Rueckert

Fetal abdominal malformations are serious congenital anomalies that require accurate diagnosis to guide pregnancy management and reduce mortality. Although AI has demonstrated significant potential in medical diagnosis, its application to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-03 Huanwen Liang , Jingxian Xu , Yuanji Zhang , Yuhao Huang , Yuhan Zhang , Xin Yang , Ran Li , Xuedong Deng , Yanjun Liu , Guowei Tao , Yun Wu , Sheng Zhao , Xinru Gao , Dong Ni

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is the dominant framework for whole-slide image analysis in computational pathology, typically combining a frozen patch encoder, a projection layer, and a slide-level aggregator. While encoders and…

定量方法 · 定量生物学 2026-05-19 Yucheng Xing , Pei Liu , Jingying Ma , Ruping Hong , Jiangdong Qiu , Tianyu Liu , Kai He , Ling Huang , Mengling Feng

Explainability is a key requirement for computer-aided diagnosis systems in clinical decision-making. Multiple instance learning with attention pooling provides instance-level explainability, however for many clinical applications a deeper,…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-03-16 Ario Sadafi , Oleksandra Adonkina , Ashkan Khakzar , Peter Lienemann , Rudolf Matthias Hehr , Daniel Rueckert , Nassir Navab , Carsten Marr

Although multiple instance learning (MIL) methods are widely used for automatic tumor detection on whole slide images (WSI), they suffer from the extreme class imbalance within the small tumor WSIs. This occurs when the tumor comprises only…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-19 Ziyu Su , Mostafa Rezapour , Usama Sajjad , Shuo Niu , Metin Nafi Gurcan , Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi

In whole slide images (WSIs) analysis, attention-based multi-instance learning (MIL) models are susceptible to spurious correlations and degrade under domain shift. These methods may assign high attention weights to non-tumor regions, such…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-08 Xin Liu , Weijia Zhang , Wei Tang , Thuc Duy Le , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Min-Ling Zhang

Medical image analysis requires substantial labeled data for model training, yet expert annotation is expensive and time-consuming. Active learning (AL) addresses this challenge by strategically selecting the most informative samples for…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-03-06 Ifrat Ikhtear Uddin , Longwei Wang , Xiao Qin , Yang Zhou , KC Santosh

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) for whole slide image (WSI) analysis in computational pathology often neglects instance-level learning as supervision is typically provided only at the bag level, hindering the integrated consideration of…

Segmenting tumors in histological images is vital for cancer diagnosis. While fully supervised models excel with pixel-level annotations, creating such annotations is labor-intensive and costly. Accurate histopathology image segmentation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-16 Yinsheng He , Xingyu Li , Roger J. Zemp

Multiple-instance learning (MIL) is an attractive approach for digital pathology applications as it reduces the costs related to data collection and labelling. However, it is not clear how sensitive MIL is to clinically realistic domain…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-05-17 Milda Pocevičiūtė , Gabriel Eilertsen , Stina Garvin , Claes Lundström