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This paper introduces the Constrained Monte Carlo Tree Search (CMCTS) framework to enhance the mathematical reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLM). By incorporating a constrained action space, Process Reward Model (PRM), and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Qingwen Lin , Boyan Xu , Guimin Hu , Zijian Li , Zhifeng Hao , Keli Zhang , Ruichu Cai

Building agents based on tree-search planning capabilities with learned models has achieved remarkable success in classic decision-making problems, such as Go and Atari. However, it has been deemed challenging or even infeasible to extend…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-13 Yazhe Niu , Yuan Pu , Zhenjie Yang , Xueyan Li , Tong Zhou , Jiyuan Ren , Shuai Hu , Hongsheng Li , Yu Liu

Finite-horizon lookahead policies are abundantly used in Reinforcement Learning and demonstrate impressive empirical success. Usually, the lookahead policies are implemented with specific planning methods such as Monte Carlo Tree Search…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-02-19 Yonathan Efroni , Gal Dalal , Bruno Scherrer , Shie Mannor

Text retrieval plays a crucial role in incorporating factual knowledge for decision making into language processing pipelines, ranging from chat-based web search to question answering systems. Current state-of-the-art text retrieval models…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-26 Ge Gao , Jonathan D. Chang , Claire Cardie , Kianté Brantley , Thorsten Joachim

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful approach for data-driven decision-making and control. Compared to model-free methods, offline model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) explicitly learns world models from a static dataset…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-28 Jiayu Chen , Le Xu , Wentse Chen , Jeff Schneider

Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is widely used to specify high-level objectives for system policies, and it is highly desirable for autonomous systems to learn the optimal policy with respect to such specifications. However, learning the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-26 Daqian Shao , Marta Kwiatkowska

We propose Fractional Policy Gradients (FPG), a reinforcement learning framework incorporating fractional calculus for long-term temporal modeling in policy optimization. Standard policy gradient approaches face limitations from Markovian…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-02 Urvi Pawar , Kunal Telangi

Policy-gradient methods are widely used for learning control policies. They can be easily distributed to multiple workers and reach state-of-the-art results in many domains. Unfortunately, they exhibit large variance and subsequently suffer…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-29 Gal Dalal , Assaf Hallak , Shie Mannor , Gal Chechik

We introduce a gradient-based learning method to automatically adapt Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) proposal distributions to intractable targets. We define a maximum entropy regularised objective function, referred to as generalised speed…

机器学习 · 统计学 2020-01-07 Michalis K. Titsias , Petros Dellaportas

A novel Policy Gradient (PG) algorithm, called $\textit{Matryoshka Policy Gradient}$ (MPG), is introduced and studied, in the context of fixed-horizon max-entropy reinforcement learning, where an agent aims at maximizing entropy bonuses…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 François Ged , Maria Han Veiga

Continuous-time Markov decision processes are an important class of models in a wide range of applications, ranging from cyber-physical systems to synthetic biology. A central problem is how to devise a policy to control the system in order…

系统与控制 · 计算机科学 2016-06-01 Ezio Bartocci , Luca Bortolussi , Tomǎš Brázdil , Dimitrios Milios , Guido Sanguinetti

Reinforcement learning is a framework for learning to act sequentially in an unknown environment. We propose a natural approach for modeling policy structure in policy gradients. The key idea is to optimize for a subset of future rewards:…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Puneet Mathur , Branislav Kveton , Subhojyoti Mukherjee , Viet Dac Lai

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable capacity across a variety of tasks. However, reasoning remains a challenge for LLMs. To improve LLMs' reasoning ability, process supervision has proven to be better than…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-01-06 Shuangtao Li , Shuaihao Dong , Kexin Luan , Xinhan Di , Chaofan Ding

One weakness of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is its sample efficiency which can be addressed by building and using state and/or action abstractions in parallel to the tree search such that information can be shared among nodes of the same…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-29 Robin Schmöcker , Alexander Dockhorn , Bodo Rosenhahn

Action-constrained reinforcement learning (RL) is a widely-used approach in various real-world applications, such as scheduling in networked systems with resource constraints and control of a robot with kinematic constraints. While the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-03 Jyun-Li Lin , Wei Hung , Shang-Hsuan Yang , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Xi Liu

In this paper we explore the application of simultaneous move Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) based online framework for tactical maneuvering between two unmanned aircrafts. Compared to other techniques, MCTS enables efficient search over…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2020-09-21 Kunal Srivastava , Amit Surana

Natural policy gradient (NPG) methods are among the most widely used policy optimization algorithms in contemporary reinforcement learning. This class of methods is often applied in conjunction with entropy regularization -- an algorithmic…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-09-13 Shicong Cen , Chen Cheng , Yuxin Chen , Yuting Wei , Yuejie Chi

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently been introduced to interactive recommender systems (IRS) because of its nature of learning from dynamic interactions and planning for long-run performance. As IRS is always with thousands of items to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-11-15 Haokun Chen , Xinyi Dai , Han Cai , Weinan Zhang , Xuejian Wang , Ruiming Tang , Yuzhou Zhang , Yong Yu

We study policy gradient (PG) for reinforcement learning in continuous time and space under the regularized exploratory formulation developed by Wang et al. (2020). We represent the gradient of the value function with respect to a given…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-26 Yanwei Jia , Xun Yu Zhou

We propose policy gradient algorithms for robust infinite-horizon Markov decision processes (MDPs) with non-rectangular uncertainty sets, thereby addressing an open challenge in the robust MDP literature. Indeed, uncertainty sets that…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-09-30 Mengmeng Li , Daniel Kuhn , Tobias Sutter