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The Biermann battery is a promising generation mechanism of a seed magnetic field in the universe. We propose a new driving mechanism for the Biermann battery in an inhomogeneous plasma with a beam component. An inhomogeneous electron flow…

The origin and maintenance of large scale magnetic fields in the Universe is discussed. A popular idea is that cosmic batteries generate seed magnetic fields which were amplified by magnetic induction due to turbulent motions, at times…

Cosmological and astrophysical observations indicate the presence of magnetic field over all scales. In order to explain these magnetic fields, it is assumed that there exists a seed magnetic field that gets amplified by dynamos. These seed…

We propose a novel dust battery mechanism for generating seed magnetic fields in the early universe, in which charged dust grains are radiatively accelerated, inducing strong electric currents that subsequently generate magnetic fields. Our…

The origin of the magnetic field in galaxies is an open question in astrophysics. Several mechanisms have been proposed related, in general, with the generation of small seed fields amplified by a dynamo mechanism. In general, these…

We investigate generation processes of magnetic fields around first stars. Since the first stars are expected to form anisotropic ionization fronts in the surrounding clumpy media, magnetic fields are generated by effects of radiation force…

We investigate the generation of magnetic field by the Biermann battery in cosmological ionization fronts, using new simulations of the reionization of the universe by stars in protogalaxies. Two mechanisms are primarily responsible for…

The magnetic fields of the quiet Sun cover at any time more than 90\% of its surface and their magnetic energy budget is crucial to explain the thermal structure of the solar atmosphere. One of the possible origins of these fields is due to…

Origin of the magnetic field ubiquitous in the Universe is studied based on the Biermann mechanism, which is expected to work in the non-barotropic region. We perform a series of two-dimensional MHD simulations of the first generation…

The origin of cosmic magnetism is an issue of fundamental importance in astrophysics. We review here some of the ideas of how large scale magnetic fields in the universe, particularly in galaxies and galaxy clusters could arise. The popular…

Magnetic fields appear to be present in all galaxies and galaxy clusters. Recent measurements indicate that a weak magnetic field may be present even in the smooth low density intergalactic medium. One explanation for these observations is…

A new generation mechanism of the magnetic field in an inhomogeneous collisionless plasma with a beam component is proposed. We show that even though the current and charge neutralities are initially satisfied, the current neutrality is…

It is demonstrated that strong magnetic fields are produced from a zero initial magnetic field during the pregalactic era, when galaxies are first forming. Their development proceeds in three phases. In the first phase, weak magnetic fields…

We review current ideas on the origin of galactic and extragalactic magnetic fields. We begin by summarizing observations of magnetic fields at cosmological redshifts and on cosmological scales. These observations translate into constraints…

We study the evolution of magnetic fields generated by charge segregation ahead of ionization fronts during the Epoch of Reionization, and their effects on galaxy formation. We compare this magnetic seeding process with the Biermann…

We demonstrate that the Biermann battery mechanism for the creation of large scale magnetic fields can arise in a simple model protogalaxy. Analytic calculations and numerical simulations follow explicitly the generation of vorticity (and…

Miniati and Bell (2011) proposed a mechanism for the generation of magnetic seeds that is based the finite resistivity of the low temperature IGM in the high redshift universe. In this model, cosmic-ray protons generated by the first…

Although it is assumed that magnetic fields in accretion disks are dragged from the interstellar medium, the idea is likely not applicable to primordial black holes (PBHs) formed in the early universe. Here we show that magnetic fields can…

Relativistic charged particles (CR for cosmic-rays) produced by Supernova explosion of the first generation of massive stars that are responsible for the re-ionization of the universe escape into the intergalactic medium, carrying an…

It is expected that cosmic rays (CRs) escape from high-redshift galaxies at redshift $z\sim 10 \, - \, 20$ because CRs are accelerated by supernova remnants of the first stars. Although ultraviolet and X-ray photons are widely considered…