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This article is a gentle discussion about the field of reinforcement learning in practice, about opportunities and challenges, touching a broad range of topics, with perspectives and without technical details. The article is based on both…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-25 Yuxi Li

Constrained Reinforcement Learning (CRL) is a subset of machine learning that introduces constraints into the traditional reinforcement learning (RL) framework. Unlike conventional RL which aims solely to maximize cumulative rewards, CRL…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-12-02 Xiaoshan Lin , Sadık Bera Yüksel , Yasin Yazıcıoğlu , Derya Aksaray

Policy-based reinforcement learning currently plays an important role in improving LLMs on mathematical reasoning tasks. However, existing rollout-based reinforcement learning methods (GRPO, DAPO, GSPO, etc.) fail to explicitly consider…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Guochao Jiang , Wenfeng Feng , Guofeng Quan , Chuzhan Hao , Yuewei Zhang , Guohua Liu , Hao Wang

Detailed routing remains one of the most complex and time-consuming steps in modern physical design due to the challenges posed by shrinking feature sizes and stricter design rules. Prior detailed routers achieve state-of-the-art results by…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-12-04 Afsara Khan , Austin Rovinski

Safety is critical when applying reinforcement learning (RL) to real-world problems. As a result, safe RL has emerged as a fundamental and powerful paradigm for optimizing an agent's policy while incorporating notions of safety. A prevalent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-09 Akifumi Wachi , Xun Shen , Yanan Sui

We investigate an entropy-regularized reinforcement learning (RL) approach to optimal stopping problems motivated by real option models. Classical stopping rules are strict and non-randomized, limiting natural exploration in RL settings. To…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-02-18 Jodi Dianetti , Giorgio Ferrari , Renyuan Xu

Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) suffers from exploration inefficiency, where models struggle to generate successful rollouts, resulting in minimal learning signal. This challenge is particularly severe for tasks that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Saaket Agashe , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Kompella , Xin Eric Wang

The paper reports on an experiment, in which a Knowledge-Based Reinforcement Learning (KB-RL) method was compared to a Neural Network (NN) approach in solving a classical Artificial Intelligence (AI) task. In contrast to NNs, which require…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2020-11-11 Liudmyla Nechepurenko , Viktor Voss , Vyacheslav Gritsenko

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has demonstrated a huge potential in learning optimal policies without any prior knowledge of the process to be controlled. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a popular control technique which is able to deal with…

系统与控制 · 计算机科学 2019-04-10 Mario Zanon , Sébastien Gros , Alberto Bemporad

We present a novel method to address the problem of multi-vehicle conflict resolution in highly constrained spaces. An optimal control problem is formulated to incorporate nonlinear, non-holonomic vehicle dynamics and exact collision…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2022-11-11 Xu Shen , Francesco Borrelli

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been around for decades and employed to solve various sequential decision-making problems. These algorithms however have faced great challenges when dealing with high-dimensional environments. The…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-04-01 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Saeid Nahavandi

Modern Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms promise to solve difficult motor control problems directly from raw sensory inputs. Their attraction is due in part to the fact that they can represent a general class of methods that allow to…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful approach for tackling complex medical decision-making problems such as treatment planning, personalized medicine, and optimizing the scheduling of surgeries and appointments. It has…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-31 Ying Liu , Haozhu Wang , Huixue Zhou , Mingchen Li , Yu Hou , Sicheng Zhou , Fang Wang , Rama Hoetzlein , Rui Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) combines a control problem with statistical estimation: The system dynamics are not known to the agent, but can be learned through experience. A recent line of research casts `RL as inference' and suggests a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-11-05 Brendan O'Donoghue , Ian Osband , Catalin Ionescu

Deep reinforcement learning yields great results for a large array of problems, but models are generally retrained anew for each new problem to be solved. Prior learning and knowledge are difficult to incorporate when training new models,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2017-09-21 Aditya Gudimella , Ross Story , Matineh Shaker , Ruofan Kong , Matthew Brown , Victor Shnayder , Marcos Campos

Reinforcement learning (RL) is attracting increasing interests in autonomous driving due to its potential to solve complex classification and control problems. However, existing RL algorithms are rarely applied to real vehicles for two…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-03-04 Lu Wen , Jingliang Duan , Shengbo Eben Li , Shaobing Xu , Huei Peng

In this article, we explore the technical details of the reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms that were deployed in the largest field test of automated vehicles designed to smooth traffic flow in history as of 2023, uncovering the…

Reinforcement learning (RL) requires skillful definition and remarkable computational efforts to solve optimization and control problems, which could impair its prospect. Introducing human guidance into reinforcement learning is a promising…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-30 Jingda Wu , Zhiyu Huang , Wenhui Huang , Chen Lv

Coverage path planning in a generic known environment is shown to be NP-hard. When the environment is unknown, it becomes more challenging as the robot is required to rely on its online map information built during coverage for planning its…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2021-10-19 Javad Heydari , Olimpiya Saha , Viswanath Ganapathy

Reinforcement learning (RL), with its ability to explore and optimize policies in complex, dynamic decision-making tasks, has emerged as a promising approach to addressing motion planning (MoP) challenges in autonomous driving (AD). Despite…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Zhuoren Li , Guizhe Jin , Ran Yu , Zhiwen Chen , Nan Li , Wei Han , Lu Xiong , Bo Leng , Jia Hu , Ilya Kolmanovsky , Dimitar Filev