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This article presents the first keyword spotting (KWS) IC which uses a ring-oscillator-based time-domain processing technique for its analog feature extractor (FEx). Its extensive usage of time-encoding schemes allows the analog audio…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2022-08-02 Kwantae Kim , Chang Gao , Rui Graça , Ilya Kiselev , Hoi-Jun Yoo , Tobi Delbruck , Shih-Chii Liu

Open-vocabulary keyword spotting (KWS) refers to the task of detecting words or terms within speech recordings, regardless of whether they were included in the training data. This paper introduces an open-vocabulary keyword spotting model…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-08-08 Yael Segal-Feldman , Ann R. Bradlow , Matthew Goldrick , Joseph Keshet

Keyword Spotting plays a critical role in enabling hands-free interaction for battery-powered edge devices. Few-Shot Keyword Spotting (FS-KWS) addresses the scalability and adaptability challenges of traditional systems by enabling…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-10-09 Alican Gok , Oguzhan Buyuksolak , Osman Erman Okman , Murat Saraclar

Spoken keyword spotting (KWS) is the task of identifying a keyword in an audio stream and is widely used in smart devices at the edge in order to activate voice assistants and perform hands-free tasks. The task is daunting as there is a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-07 Mahmoud Salhab , Haidar Harmanani

Keyword spotting (KWS) is one of the speech recognition tasks most sensitive to the quality of the feature representation. However, the research on KWS has traditionally focused on new model topologies, putting little emphasis on other…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-07-08 Douglas Baptista de Souza , Khaled Jamal Bakri , Fernanda Ferreira , Juliana Inacio

Open-vocabulary keyword spotting (KWS), which allows users to customize keywords, has attracted increasingly more interest. However, existing methods based on acoustic models and post-processing train the acoustic model with ASR training…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-12-18 Ao Zhang , Pan Zhou , Kaixun Huang , Yong Zou , Ming Liu , Lei Xie

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven Keyword Spotting (KWS) technologies has revolutionized human to machine interaction. Yet, the challenge of end-to-end energy efficiency, memory footprint and system complexity of current…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-01-28 Jie Lei , Tousif Rahman , Rishad Shafik , Adrian Wheeldon , Alex Yakovlev , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Fahim Kawsar , Akhil Mathur

The deep neural networks, such as the Deep-FSMN, have been widely studied for keyword spotting (KWS) applications. However, computational resources for these networks are significantly constrained since they usually run on-call on edge…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-21 Haotong Qin , Xudong Ma , Yifu Ding , Xiaoyang Li , Yang Zhang , Yao Tian , Zejun Ma , Jie Luo , Xianglong Liu

Conversational agents commonly utilize keyword spotting (KWS) to initiate voice interaction with the user. For user experience and privacy considerations, existing approaches to KWS largely focus on accuracy, which can often come at the…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-09-30 Christin Jose , Joseph Wang , Grant P. Strimel , Mohammad Omar Khursheed , Yuriy Mishchenko , Brian Kulis

Keyword Spotting (KWS) from speech signals is widely applied to perform fully hands-free speech recognition. The KWS network is designed as a small-footprint model so it can continuously be active. Recent efforts have explored dynamic…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-12-25 Donghyeon Kim , Kyungdeuk Ko , Jeonggi Kwak , David K. Han , Hanseok Ko

Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting (SF-KWS) has gained popularity in today's landscape of smart voice-activated devices, smartphones, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This surge is attributed to the advancements in Deep Learning,…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-06-16 Soumen Garai , Suman Samui

Non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are beginning to benefit from large, public benchmarks. However, current benchmarks target relatively simple, foundational tasks like Speech Detection and Phoneme Classification, while…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Gereon Elvers , Gilad Landau , Oiwi Parker Jones

Keyword spotting (KWS) plays an essential role in enabling speech-based user interaction on smart devices, and conventional KWS (C-KWS) approaches have concentrated on detecting user-agnostic pre-defined keywords. However, in practice, most…

声音 · 计算机科学 2022-06-29 Seunghan Yang , Byeonggeun Kim , Inseop Chung , Simyung Chang

This paper introduces neural architecture search (NAS) for the automatic discovery of small models for keyword spotting (KWS) in limited resource environments. We employ a differentiable NAS approach to optimize the structure of…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-12-21 David Peter , Wolfgang Roth , Franz Pernkopf

This article presents a method for improving a keyword spotter (KWS) algorithm in noisy environments. Although beamforming (BF) and adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) techniques are robust in some conditions, they may degrade the performance…

This paper introduces neural architecture search (NAS) for the automatic discovery of end-to-end keyword spotting (KWS) models in limited resource environments. We employ a differentiable NAS approach to optimize the structure of…

声音 · 计算机科学 2021-04-15 David Peter , Wolfgang Roth , Franz Pernkopf

Designing an efficient keyword spotting (KWS) system that delivers exceptional performance on resource-constrained edge devices has long been a subject of significant attention. Existing KWS search algorithms typically follow a…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-03-21 Yu Xi , Hao Li , Baochen Yang , Haoyu Li , Hainan Xu , Kai Yu

Keyword spotting (KWS) enables speech-based user interaction and gradually becomes an indispensable component of smart devices. Recently, end-to-end (E2E) methods have become the most popular approach for on-device KWS tasks. However, there…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-11-01 Jie Wang , Menglong Xu , Jingyong Hou , Binbin Zhang , Xiao-Lei Zhang , Lei Xie , Fuping Pan

Few-shot keyword spotting (KWS) aims to detect unknown keywords with limited training samples. A commonly used approach is the pre-training and fine-tuning framework. While effective in clean conditions, this approach struggles with mixed…

声音 · 计算机科学 2024-07-09 Junming Yuan , Ying Shi , LanTian Li , Dong Wang , Askar Hamdulla

Keyword Spotting (KWS) systems with small footprint models deployed on edge devices face significant accuracy and robustness challenges due to domain shifts caused by varying noise and recording conditions. To address this, we propose a…

声音 · 计算机科学 2026-01-23 Prakash Dhungana , Sayed Ahmad Salehi