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Supervised learning aims to train a classifier under the assumption that training and test data are from the same distribution. To ease the above assumption, researchers have studied a more realistic setting: out-of-distribution (OOD)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Zhen Fang , Yixuan Li , Feng Liu , Bo Han , Jie Lu

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is important for deploying machine learning models in safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving and robot-assisted surgery. Existing research has mainly focused on unimodal scenarios…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Hao Dong , Yue Zhao , Eleni Chatzi , Olga Fink

Out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs can compromise the performance and safety of real world machine learning systems. While many methods exist for OOD detection and work well on small scale datasets with lower resolution and few classes, few…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-03-15 Hong Yang , William Gebhardt , Alexander G. Ororbia , Travis Desell

Our work investigates out-of-distribution (OOD) detection as a neural network output explanation problem. We learn a heatmap representation for detecting OOD images while visualizing in- and out-of-distribution image regions at the same…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-14 Julia Hornauer , Vasileios Belagiannis

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection discerns OOD data where the predictor cannot make valid predictions as in-distribution (ID) data, thereby increasing the reliability of open-world classification. However, it is typically hard to collect…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-06 Haotian Zheng , Qizhou Wang , Zhen Fang , Xiaobo Xia , Feng Liu , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

The training and test data for deep-neural-network-based classifiers are usually assumed to be sampled from the same distribution. When part of the test samples are drawn from a distribution that is sufficiently far away from that of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-14 Yinan Wang , Wenbo Sun , Jionghua "Judy" Jin , Zhenyu "James" Kong , Xiaowei Yue

Discriminatively trained neural classifiers can be trusted, only when the input data comes from the training distribution (in-distribution). Therefore, detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is very important to avoid classification…

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial when deploying deep neural networks in the real world to ensure the reliability and safety of their applications. One main challenge in OOD detection is that neural network models often produce…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-15 Jinlun Ye , Zhuohao Sun , Yiqiao Qiu , Qiu Li , Zhijun Tan , Ruixuan Wang

When testing data and training data come from different distributions, deep neural networks (DNNs) will face significant safety risks in practical applications. Therefore, out-of-distribution (OOD) detection techniques, which can identify…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Cheng Yang , Yu Hao , Qi Zhang , Chuan Shi

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect testing samples far away from the in-distribution (ID) training data, which is crucial for the safe deployment of machine learning models in the real world. Distance-based OOD detection…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-06 Haodong Lu , Dong Gong , Shuo Wang , Jason Xue , Lina Yao , Kristen Moore

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial task for deploying deep learning models in the wild. One of the major challenges is that well-trained deep models tend to perform over-confidence on unseen test data. Recent research attempts…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-24 Mingrong Gong , Chaoqi Chen , Qingqiang Sun , Yue Wang , Hui Huang

Out of distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial part of making machine learning systems robust. The ImageNet-O dataset is an important tool in testing the robustness of ImageNet trained deep neural networks that are widely used across a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-01-25 Anugya Srivastava , Shriya Jain , Mugdha Thigle

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is a central challenge for safely deploying machine learning models in the real world. Existing solutions are mainly driven by small datasets, with low resolution and very few class labels (e.g.,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-05-06 Rui Huang , Yixuan Li

LiDAR-based 3D object detection has become an essential part of automated driving due to its ability to localize and classify objects precisely in 3D. However, object detectors face a critical challenge when dealing with unknown foreground…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-25 Michael Kösel , Marcel Schreiber , Michael Ulrich , Claudius Gläser , Klaus Dietmayer

Despite rapid advances in AI, safety remains the main bottleneck to deploying machine-learning systems. A critical safety component is out-of-distribution detection: given an input, decide whether it comes from the same distribution as the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-06 Joonas Järve , Karl Kaspar Haavel , Meelis Kull

For a machine learning model deployed in real world scenarios, the ability of detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is indispensable and challenging. Most existing OOD detection methods focused on exploring advanced training skills or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-16 Chao Chen , Zhihang Fu , Kai Liu , Ze Chen , Mingyuan Tao , Jieping Ye

Data outside the problem domain poses significant threats to the security of AI-based intelligent systems. Aiming to investigate the data domain and out-of-distribution (OOD) data in AI quality management (AIQM) study, this paper proposes…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-10-13 Tinghui Ouyang , Isao Echizen , Yoshiki Seo

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial task for ensuring the reliability and safety of deep learning. Currently, discriminator models outperform other methods in this regard. However, the feature extraction process used by…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-06-06 Luping Liu , Yi Ren , Xize Cheng , Rongjie Huang , Chongxuan Li , Zhou Zhao

It is crucial to detect when an instance lies downright too far from the training samples for the machine learning model to be trusted, a challenge known as out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. For neural networks, one approach to this task…

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the trustworthiness of AI systems. Methods using prior information (i.e., subspace-based methods) have shown effective performance by extracting information geometry to detect OOD data…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-25 Kaiyu Guo , Zijian Wang , Tan Pan , Brian C. Lovell , Mahsa Baktashmotlagh