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Neural networks often operate in the overparameterized regime, in which there are far more parameters than training samples, allowing the training data to be fit perfectly. That is, training the network effectively learns an interpolating…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-19 Suzanna Parkinson , Greg Ongie , Rebecca Willett

The Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) is a foundational activation function in artficial neural networks. Recent literature frequently misattributes its origin to the 2018 (initial) version of this paper, which exclusively investigated ReLU at…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Abien Fred Agarap

Hierarchical neural networks are exponentially more efficient than their corresponding "shallow" counterpart with the same expressive power, but involve huge number of parameters and require tedious amounts of training. By approximating the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-12-20 Bálint Daróczy , Rita Aleksziev , András Benczúr

This paper studies the problem of range analysis for feedforward neural networks, which is a basic primitive for applications such as robustness of neural networks, compliance to specifications and reachability analysis of neural-network…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-24 Eric Goubault , Sébastien Palumby , Sylvie Putot , Louis Rustenholz , Sriram Sankaranarayanan

Rectified linear units (ReLU) are well-known to be helpful in obtaining faster convergence and thus higher performance for many deep-learning-based applications. However, networks with ReLU tend to perform poorly when the number of filter…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2018-12-14 Jae-Seok Choi , Munchurl Kim

In a function approximation with a neural network, an input dataset is mapped to an output index by optimizing the parameters of each hidden-layer unit. For a unary function, we present constraints on the parameters and its second…

机器学习 · 统计学 2020-06-22 Masayo Inoue , Mana Futamura , Hirokazu Ninomiya

Activation functions have been shown to affect the performance of deep neural networks significantly. While the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) remains the dominant choice in practice, the optimal activation function for deep neural networks…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 John Chidiac , Danielle Azar

We study the reachability problem for systems implemented as feed-forward neural networks whose activation function is implemented via ReLU functions. We draw a correspondence between establishing whether some arbitrary output can ever be…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2017-06-23 Alessio Lomuscio , Lalit Maganti

We draw connections between simple neural networks and under-determined linear systems to comprehensively explore several interesting theoretical questions in the study of neural networks. First, we emphatically show that it is unsurprising…

数值分析 · 数学 2020-11-02 Austin R. Benson , Anil Damle , Alex Townsend

Recent Progress has shown that exploitation of hidden layer neurons in convolution neural networks incorporating with a carefully designed activation function can yield better classification results in the field of computer vision. The…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2018-07-10 Zhi Chen , Pin-han Ho

An interesting approach to analyzing neural networks that has received renewed attention is to examine the equivalent kernel of the neural network. This is based on the fact that a fully connected feedforward network with one hidden layer,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-06-04 Russell Tsuchida , Farbod Roosta-Khorasani , Marcus Gallagher

We study the problem of approximating compactly-supported integrable functions while implementing their support set using feedforward neural networks. Our first main result transcribes this "structured" approximation problem into a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-02 Anastasis Kratsios , Behnoosh Zamanlooy

ReLU neural-networks have been in the focus of many recent theoretical works, trying to explain their empirical success. Nonetheless, there is still a gap between current theoretical results and empirical observations, even in the case of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-06-13 Jonathan Fiat , Eran Malach , Shai Shalev-Shwartz

In this paper we investigate the family of functions representable by deep neural networks (DNN) with rectified linear units (ReLU). We give an algorithm to train a ReLU DNN with one hidden layer to *global optimality* with runtime…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-03-01 Raman Arora , Amitabh Basu , Poorya Mianjy , Anirbit Mukherjee

Amongst others, the adoption of Rectified Linear Units (ReLUs) is regarded as one of the ingredients of the success of deep learning. ReLU activation has been shown to mitigate the vanishing gradient issue, to encourage sparsity in the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-10-14 Nicola Picchiotti , Marco Gori

This paper presents a novel framework for understanding trained ReLU networks as random, affine functions, where the randomness is induced by the distribution over the inputs. By characterizing the probability distribution of the network's…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-31 Shreyas Chaudhari , José M. F. Moura

In this work, we consider the approximation of a large class of bounded functions, with minimal regularity assumptions, by ReLU neural networks. We show that the approximation error can be bounded from above by a quantity proportional to…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-02-27 Owen Davis , Gianluca Geraci , Mohammad Motamed

Deep neural networks are often trained in the over-parametrized regime (i.e. with far more parameters than training examples), and understanding why the training converges to solutions that generalize remains an open problem. Several…

机器学习 · 统计学 2018-03-23 Hartmut Maennel , Olivier Bousquet , Sylvain Gelly

We study the least-square regression problem with a two-layer fully-connected neural network, with ReLU activation function, trained by gradient flow. Our first result is a generalization result, that requires no assumptions on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Junhyung Park , Patrick Bloebaum , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan

Despite their prevalence in neural networks we still lack a thorough theoretical characterization of ReLU layers. This paper aims to further our understanding of ReLU layers by studying how the activation function ReLU interacts with the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-08-13 Sören Dittmer , Emily J. King , Peter Maass