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Existing work on understanding deep learning often employs measures that compress all data-dependent information into a few numbers. In this work, we adopt a perspective based on the role of individual examples. We introduce a measure of…

Increasingly more similarities between human vision and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been revealed in the past few years. Yet, vanilla CNNs often fall short in generalizing to adversarial or out-of-distribution (OOD) examples…

Recent advances in machine learning leverage massive datasets of unlabeled images from the web to learn general-purpose image representations for tasks from image classification to face recognition. But do unsupervised computer vision…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become remarkably successful in data prediction, and have even been used to predict future actions based on limited input. This raises the question: do these systems actually "understand" the event similar…

With the propensity for deep learning models to learn unintended signals from data sets there is always the possibility that the network can `cheat' in order to solve a task. In the instance of data sets for visual kinship verification, one…

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have become the most common solution for automatic image annotation due to their non-parametric nature, good performance, and their accessibility through libraries such as TensorFlow. Among other…

Interpretability of deep neural networks (DNNs) is essential since it enables users to understand the overall strengths and weaknesses of the models, conveys an understanding of how the models will behave in the future, and how to diagnose…

Deep learning has been extensively used in various fields, such as phase imaging, 3D imaging reconstruction, phase unwrapping, and laser speckle reduction, particularly for complex problems that lack analytic models. Its data-driven nature…

The problem of distinguishing natural images from photo-realistic computer-generated ones either addresses natural images versus computer graphics or natural images versus GAN images, at a time. But in a real-world image forensic scenario,…

The ability to discriminate between large and small quantities is a core aspect of basic numerical competence in both humans and animals. In this work, we examine the extent to which the state-of-the-art neural networks designed for vision…

An important goal in visual recognition is to devise image representations that are invariant to particular transformations. In this paper, we address this goal with a new type of convolutional neural network (CNN) whose invariance is…

Two major uncertainties, dataset bias and adversarial examples, prevail in state-of-the-art AI algorithms with deep neural networks. In this paper, we present an intuitive explanation for these issues as well as an interpretation of the…

Convolutional Neural Networks are particularly suited for image analysis tasks, such as Image Classification, Object Recognition or Image Segmentation. Like all Artificial Neural Networks, however, they are "black box" models, and suffer…

In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are used in a large number of tasks in computer vision. One of them is object detection for autonomous driving. Although CNNs are used widely in many areas, what happens inside the…

The robust and efficient recognition of visual relations in images is a hallmark of biological vision. We argue that, despite recent progress in visual recognition, modern machine vision algorithms are severely limited in their ability to…

In high dimensional settings, density estimation algorithms rely crucially on their inductive bias. Despite recent empirical success, the inductive bias of deep generative models is not well understood. In this paper we propose a framework…

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) give state of the art performance in many pattern recognition problems but can be fooled by carefully crafted patterns of noise. We report that CNN face recognition systems also make surprising "errors".…

The interpretation of reasoning by Deep Neural Networks (DNN) is still challenging due to their perceived black-box nature. Therefore, deploying DNNs in several real-world tasks is restricted by the lack of transparency of these models. We…

Deep learning models are used in critical applications, in which mistakes can have serious consequences. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how and why models generate predictions. This understanding provides useful information to check…

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have made significant progress on several computer vision benchmarks, but are fraught with numerous non-human biases such as vulnerability to adversarial samples. Their lack of explainability makes…