相关论文: Photons from relativistic nuclear collisions
Heavy ions at high velocities provide very strong electromagnetic fields for a very short time. The main characteristics of ultraperipheral relativistic heavy ion collisions are reviewed, characteristic parameters are identified. The main…
It has been theorized that if heavy nuclei (e.g. Au, Pb) are collided at sufficiently high energies, we might be to recreate the conditions that existed in the universe a few microseconds after the Big Bang. The kinetic energy of the…
For tomographic studies of relativistic nuclear collisions and of the quark-gluon plasma, photons (real and virtual) are unique. They are the only probes than can be both soft and penetrating. First we report on advances in modelling the…
The productions of real photons from quark gluon plasma and hot hadronic matter formed after the nucleus - nucleus collisions at ultra-relativistic energies are discussed. The effects of the spectral shift of the hadrons at finite…
Photoproduction can be studied at hadron colliders by using the virtual photons associated with the hadron beams. The LHC will reach photonucleon energies 10 times higher than that available elsewhere. These reactions are already being…
The proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce an intense, high-energy beam of neutrinos of all flavors, collimated in the forward direction. Recently two dedicated neutrino experiments, FASER and SND@LHC, have…
The bremsstrahlung produced when heavy nuclei collide is estimated for central collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Bremsstrahlung photons with energies below 100 to 200 MeV are sufficient to discern the gross features of the…
The emission of direct (hard and thermal) photons from nucleon-nucleon Bremsstrahlung in heavy-ion collisions at Fermi energies is analyzed. We utilize a photon emission rate based on a quantum-field-theoretical model together with nucleon…
This text is meant as an introduction to the theoretical physics of photon emission in hot and dense strongly interacting matter, the principal application being relativistic nuclear collisions. We shall cover some of the results and…
A linearly polarized photon can be quantized from the Lorentz-boosted electromagnetic field of a nucleus traveling at ultra-relativistic speed. When two relativistic heavy nuclei pass one another at a distance of a few nuclear radii, the…
Coherent peripheral collisions of atomic nuclei involve electromagnetic or long range hadronic interactions at impact parameters, where both nuclei survive intact. Recently such ultra-peripheral collisions were observed at RHIC. The effect…
The relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions can produce hypernuclei and low-temperature hyper-matter as a result of hyperon capture by nuclear residues and free nucleons. We use the transport, coalescence and statistical models to describe…
Due to coherence, there are strong electromagnetic fields of short duration in very peripheral heavy ion collisions. They give rise to photon-photon and photon-nucleus collisions with high flux. Photon-photon and photon-hadron physics at…
Photoproduction in ultra-peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions displays many unique features, often involving quantum mechanical coherence and two-source interference between photon emission from the two ions. We review the recent…
Ultraperipheral collisions of high energy protons are a source of approximately real photons colliding with each other. Photon fusion can result in production of yet unknown charged particles in very clean events. The cleanliness of such an…
Chiral Lagrangians are used to compute the production rate of photons from the hadronic phase of relativistic nuclear collisions. Special attention is paid to the role of the pseudovector a_1 meson. Calculations that include reactions with…
The formation of hadrons is a fundamental process in nature that can be investigated at particle colliders. As several recent findings demonstrate, with $\mathrm{e^+e^-}$ collisions as a "vacuum-like" reference at one extreme, and central…
At high temperatures and densities the nuclear matter undergoes a phase transition to a new state of matter called quark gluon plasma (QGP). This new state of matter which existed in the universe after a few microsecond of the big bang can…
The hot and dense strongly interacting matter created in collisions of heavy nuclei at RHIC energies is modeled with relativistic hydrodynamics, and the spectra of real and virtual photons produced at mid-rapidity in these events are…
Direct photons are a powerful tool to study the hot and dense matter created in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC, since they are created in the different stages of the collision. Since they do not interact via the strong force, they can travel…