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Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) can be highly efficient because of the conversion of non-radiative triplet to radiative singlet states by reverse intersystem crossing (RISC).…
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) utilize molecular systems with a small energy splitting between singlet and triplet states. This can either be realized in intramolecular charge…
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters consisting of donor and acceptor molecules are potentially highly interesting for electroluminescence (EL) applications. Their strong fluorescence emission is considered to be due to…
The determination of transport mechanisms in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is crucial for optimizing device performance. Magnetic field measurements enable the differentiation of spin state interconversion mechanisms, but data…
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) show increased efficiencies due to efficient upconversion of non-emissive triplet states to emissive singlets states via reverse intersystem…
Thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) enables organic semiconductors with charge transfer (CT)-type excitons to convert dark triplet states into bright singlets via a reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) process. Here, we consider…
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) must be engineered to circumvent the efficiency limit imposed by the 3:1 ratio of triplet to singlet exciton formation following electron-hole capture. Here we show the spin nature of luminescent…
High-spin states in organic molecules offer promising tuneability for quantum technologies. Photogenerated quartet excitons are an extensively studied platform, but their applications are limited by the absence of optical read-out via…
Engineering a low singlet-triplet energy gap ({\Delta}EST) is necessary for efficient reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) in delayed fluorescence (DF) organic semiconductors, but results in a small radiative rate that limits performance in…
Two chromophores derived from heptazine, HAP-3MF and HAP-3TPA, were synthesized and tested as emitters in light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by Adachi and coworkers. Both emitters were shown to exhibit quantum efficiencies which exceed the…
Triplet excited states in organic semiconductor materials and devices are notoriously difficult to detect and study with established spectroscopic methods. Yet, they are a crucial intermediate step in next-generation organic light emitting…
As carriers slowly move through a disordered energy landscape in organic semiconductors, tiny spatial variations in spin dynamics relieve spin blocking at transport bottlenecks or in the electron-hole recombination process that produces…
Three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) are characterized by spin-polarized Dirac-cone surface states that are protected from backscattering by time-reversal symmetry. Control of the spin polarization of topological surface states…
Donor-acceptor type compounds are an important category of organic materials that show properties suitable for light emission applications. To achieve a full understanding of the mechanism of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)…
At low temperatures and high magnetic fields, electron and hole spins in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) become polarized so that recombination preferentially forms molecular triplet excited-state species. For low device currents,…
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence has been reported in a number of OLED emitter materials engineered to have low singlet-triplet energy gaps. Here we derive closed solutions for steady state and transient behaviors, and apply these…
We extend our theory of electron--hole recombination in organic light emitting diodes to investigate the possibility that high energy singlet and triplet excited states with large electron--hole separations are generated in such processes,…
The quest for a spin-polarized organic light emitting diode (spin-OLED) is a common goal in the emerging fields of molecular electronics and spintronics. In this device two ferromagnetic electrodes are used to enhance the…
Donor-acceptor (D-A) type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), a key technology of proposed Gen3 organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), is highly sensitive to the rigidity and polarity of the local environment. Specifically, the…
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) have experienced vast attention in the scientific literature as the leading contender for the next generation of electronic lighting technology. However, while research continues to push the limit for…