相关论文: What to do if N is two?

We investigate methods for modelling metabolism within populations of cells. Typically one represents the interaction of a cloned population of cells with their environment as though it were one large cell. The question is as to whether any…

Neurophysiologists are nowadays able to record from a large number of extracellular electrodes and to extract, from the raw data, the sequences of action potentials or spikes generated by many neurons. Unfortunately these ''many neurons''…

With growing size of Neural Networks (NNs), model sparsification to reduce the computational cost and memory demand for model inference has become of vital interest for both research and production. While many sparsification methods have…

We investigate a Poisson sampling design in the presence of unknown selection probabilities when applied to a population of unknown size for multiple sampling occasions. The fixed-population model is adopted and extended upon for inference.…

Recordings in the human medial temporal lobe have found many neurons that respond to pictures (and related stimuli) of just one particular person out of those presented. It has been proposed that these are concept cells, responding to just…

The need for high-throughput, precise, and meaningful methods for measuring behavior has been amplified by our recent successes in measuring and manipulating neural circuitry. The largest challenges associated with moving in this direction,…

In many applications, different populations are compared using data that are sampled in a biased manner. Under sampling biases, standard methods that estimate the difference between the population means yield unreliable inferences. Here we…

Scientific knowledge expands by observing the world, hypothesizing some theories about it, and testing them against collected data. When those theories take the form of statistical models, statistical analyses are involved in the process of…

Stochastic kinetic models are often used to describe complex biological processes. Typically these models are analytically intractable and have unknown parameters which need to be estimated from observed data. Ideally we would have…

Statistical samples, in order to be representative, have to be drawn from a population in a random and unbiased way. Nevertheless, it is common practice in the field of model-based diagnosis to make estimations from (biased) best-first…

Experimental research on behavior and cognition frequently rests on stimulus or subject selection where not all characteristics can be fully controlled, even when attempting strict matching. For example, when contrasting patients to…

With the growth in experimental studies in education, policymakers and practitioners are interested in understanding not only what works, but for whom an intervention works. This interest in the generalizability of a study's findings has…

Accurate estimation of wildlife density is vital for effective ecological monitoring, conservation, and management. Line transect sampling, a central technique in distance sampling, relies on selecting an appropriate detection function to…

As the development of measuring instruments and computers has accelerated the collection of massive amounts of data, functional data analysis (FDA) has experienced a surge of attention. The FDA methodology treats longitudinal data as a set…

Hypothesis testing is a statistical inference approach used to determine whether data supports a specific hypothesis. An important type is the two-sample test, which evaluates whether two sets of data points are from identical…

Statistical methods are indispensable to scientific inference. However, there exists a longstanding tension across a wide range of scientific disciplines about the role that ``context'' should play in the application of statistical methods…

Research often necessitates of samples, yet obtaining large enough samples is not always possible. When it is, the researcher may use one of two methods for deciding upon the required sample size: rules-of-thumb, quick yet uncertain, and…

Statistical hypotheses are translations of scientific hypotheses into statements about one or more distributions, often concerning their centre. Tests that assess statistical hypotheses of centre implicitly assume a specific centre, e.g.,…

As animals interact with their environments, they must infer properties of their surroundings. Some animals, including humans, can represent uncertainty about those properties. But when, if ever, do they use probability distributions to…

Applied researchers in biomedicine and related fields are often interested in estimating the causal effect of a treatment or intervention. Although randomized clinical trials are considered the gold standard for establishing causal effects,…