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We consider the problem of guaranteeing that the transient voltages and currents stay within prescribed bounds in Direct Current (DC) microgrids, when the controller does not have access to accurate system dynamics due to the load being…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-02-05 K. C. Kosaraju , S. Sivaranjani , V. Gupta

The inherent control switching of renewable energy sources (RESs) during intricate transient processes introduces complexity to the dynamic behavior of modern power systems. This paper reveals the dynamic coupling between grid-forming…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-10-02 Ruiyuan Zeng , Ruisheng Diao , Fangyuan Sun , Wangqianyun Tang , Junjie Li , Baorong Zhou

This paper investigates how grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) control strategies in inverter-based resources (IBRs) influence line distance and differential protection in converter-dominated transmission systems. A modified IEEE…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-11-27 Andrés E. Quintero , Vinícius A. Lacerda , Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt , Moisés J. B. B. Davi , Mario Oleskovicz

Current-mode control is one of the most popular controller strategies for power converters. With the advent of wide bandgap devices including GaN and SiC, higher switching frequencies have become more viable at higher power because of lower…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-06-22 Xiaofan Cui , Al-Thaddeus Avestruz

The active and reactive power controllers of grid-forming converters are traditionally designed separately, which relies on the assumption of loop decoupling. This paper proposes a full-state feedback control for the power loops of…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-12-13 Meng Chen , Dao Zhou , Frede Blaabjerg

Converter-based generators and loads are growing in prevalence on power grids across the globe. The rise of these resources necessitates controllers that handle the power electronic devices' strict current limits without jeopardizing…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-03-19 Lauren Streitmatter , Trager Joswig-Jones , Baosen Zhang

This paper demonstrates the key features of a control system applicable to inverter-based resources (IBR), which is based on grid-forming technology. Such resources are classified as grid-forming or grid-following converters based on the…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-09-03 Yangyadatta Tripathy , Barjeev Tyagi

A multi-input multi-output based grid-forming (MIMO-GFM) converter has been proposed using multivariable feedback control, which has been proven as a superior and robust system using low-order controllers. However, the original MIMO-GFM…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-12-05 Meng Chen , Dao Zhou , Frede Blaabjerg

This paper develops a nonlinear grid-forming (GFM) controller with provable voltage-formation guarantees, with over-current limiting enforced via a control-barrier-function (CBF)-based safety filter. The nominal controller follows a…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-03-04 Bhathiya Rathnayake , Sijia Geng

A grid-feeding converter system is added to a novel power system transient simulation scheme based on frequency response optimized integrators considering second order derivative. The converter system and its implementation in the…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-02-23 Sheng Lei , Alexander Flueck

High penetration of wind power with conventional grid following controls for inverter-based wind turbine generators (WTGs) weakens the power grid, challenging the power system stability. Grid-forming (GFM) controls are emerging technologies…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-08-02 Thai-Thanh Nguyen , Tuyen Vu , Sumit Paudyal , Frede Blaabjerg , Thanh Long Vu

Understanding the impact of grid-following (GFL) converters on system frequency dynamics is crucial, from both the center of inertia (COI) and frequency spatial variation perspectives. Part I of this series clarifies the mechanisms by which…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-07-22 Jiahao Liu , Cheng Wang , Tianshu Bi

Power systems with a high penetration of renewable generation are vulnerable to frequency oscillation and voltage instability. Traditionally, the stability of power systems is considered either in terms of local stability or as an angle…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-07-31 Xinyuan Jiang , Constantino M. Lagoa , Daning Huang , Yan Li

This work introduces a novel dispatchable current source virtual oscillator control (dCVOC) scheme for grid-following (GFL) converters, which exhibits duality with dispatchable virtual oscillator control (dVOC) in two ways: a) the current…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-11-03 Kehao Zhuang , Linbin Huang , Huanhai Xin , Xiuqiang He , Verena Häberle , Florian Dörfler

Power systems are getting more complex than ever and are consequently operating close to their limit of stability. Moreover, with the increasing demand of renewable wind generation, and the requirement to maintain a secure power system, the…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-06-13 Umair Shahzad

This paper proposes a robust transient stability constrained optimal power flow problem that addresses renewable uncertainties by the coordination of generation re-dispatch and power flow router (PFR) tuning.PFR refers to a general type of…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-06-02 Tianlun Chen , Albert Y. S. Lam , Yue Song , David J. Hill

As the energy transition transforms power grids across the globe, it poses several challenges regarding grid design and control. In particular, high levels of intermittent renewable generation complicate the task of continuously balancing…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2018-08-07 Randall Martyr , Benjamin Schaefer , Christian Beck , Vito Latora

What are the theoretical and physical limits of a grid-forming inverter? This letter proposes that the extreme grid-forming ability of inverters is limited by their dc-side, ac-side, circuit topology dynamics, but not control. While many…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-07-02 Qianxi Tang , Li Peng

High voltage direct current links based on voltage source converters (VSC-HVDC) embedded in alternating current (AC) systems are receiving a great deal of attention recently because they can contribute positively to the flexibilisation of…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-05-03 Javier Renedo , Lukas Sigrist , Luis Rouco , Aurelio Garcia-Cerrada

DC microgrids are converter-based electrical networks that are increasingly being used in various applications, including data centers and industrial distribution systems. A central challenge in their operation is maintaining the DC-bus…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-04-30 Jovan Krajacic , Ognjen Stanojev , Mario Schweizer , Orcun Karaca , Gabriela Hug , Vladan Lazarević