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A key aspect of patient-focused drug development is identifying and measuring outcomes that are important to patients in clinical trials. Many medical conditions affect multiple symptom domains, and a consensus approach to determine the…
As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in healthcare delivery, this chapter explores the critical aspects of developing reliable and ethical Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS). Beginning with the fundamental…
Requirements prioritization is a critical activity during the early software development process, which produces a set of key requirements to implement. The prioritization process offers a parity among the requirements based on multiple…
Integrating language models (LMs) in healthcare systems holds great promise for improving medical workflows and decision-making. However, a critical barrier to their real-world adoption is the lack of reliable evaluation of their…
The potential presented by Artificial Intelligence (AI) for healthcare has long been recognised by the technical community. More recently, this potential has been recognised by policymakers, resulting in considerable public and private…
With increasing and extensive use of electronic health records, clinicians are often under time pressure when they need to retrieve important information efficiently among large amounts of patients' health records in clinics. While a search…
The enabling of scientific experiments that are embarrassingly parallel, long running and data-intensive into a cloud-based execution environment is a desirable, though complex undertaking for many researchers. The management of such…
Biomedical research results are being published at a high rate, and with existing search engines, the vast amount of published work is usually easily accessible. However, reproducing published results, either experimental data or…
Critical infrastructures face demanding challenges due to natural and human-generated threats, such as pandemics, workforce shortages or cyber-attacks, which might severely compromise service quality. To improve system resilience,…
Background. In the realm of software engineering, there are widely accepted guidelines for reporting and creating laboratory packages. Unfortunately, the landscape differs considerably in the emerging field of quantum computing. To the best…
With the increasing adoption of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models as integral parts of software systems, efficient operational testing of DNNs is much in demand to ensure these models' actual performance in field conditions. A challenge is…
Background: Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are a category of health information technologies that can assist clinicians to choose optimal treatments. These support systems are based on clinical trials and expert knowledge;…
Scientific publications about machine learning in healthcare are often about implementing novel methods and boosting the performance - at least from a computer science perspective. However, beyond such often short-lived improvements, much…
Language models (LMs) represent an emerging paradigm within artificial intelligence, with applications throughout the medical enterprise. A comprehensive understanding of the clinical task and awareness of the variability in performance…
Codification of free-text clinical narratives have long been recognised to be beneficial for secondary uses such as funding, insurance claim processing and research. The current scenario of assigning codes is a manual process which is very…
Clinical diagnosis is a complex cognitive process, grounded in dynamic cue acquisition and continuous expertise accumulation. Yet most current artificial intelligence (AI) systems are misaligned with this reality, treating diagnosis as…
As more clinical workflows continue to be augmented by artificial intelligence (AI), AI literacy among physicians will become a critical requirement for ensuring safe and ethical AI-enabled patient care. Despite the evolving importance of…
Medication recommendation is a fundamental yet crucial branch of healthcare that presents opportunities to assist physicians in making more accurate medication prescriptions for patients with complex health conditions. Previous studies have…
There is strong pressure to achieve greater uniformity, standardisation and application of best practices in the service professions, a sector which is growing in presence and importance. At the same time, there is a conflicting demand for…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised to transform healthcare delivery through revolutionary advances in clinical decision support and diagnostic capabilities. While human expertise remains foundational to medical practice, AI-powered…