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A new network with super approximation power is introduced. This network is built with Floor ($\lfloor x\rfloor$) or ReLU ($\max\{0,x\}$) activation function in each neuron and hence we call such networks Floor-ReLU networks. For any…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-30 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

In this article we identify a general class of high-dimensional continuous functions that can be approximated by deep neural networks (DNNs) with the rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation without the curse of dimensionality. In other…

数值分析 · 数学 2023-04-13 Adrian Riekert

In this article we study high-dimensional approximation capacities of shallow and deep artificial neural networks (ANNs) with the rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation. In particular, it is a key contribution of this work to reveal that…

数值分析 · 数学 2023-01-23 Lukas Gonon , Robin Graeber , Arnulf Jentzen

This article concerns the expressive power of depth in neural nets with ReLU activations and bounded width. We are particularly interested in the following questions: what is the minimal width $w_{\text{min}}(d)$ so that ReLU nets of width…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-10-22 Boris Hanin

In this paper, we investigate the expressivity and approximation properties of deep neural networks employing the ReLU$^k$ activation function for $k \geq 2$. Although deep ReLU networks can approximate polynomials effectively, deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-12 Juncai He , Tong Mao , Jinchao Xu

This paper explores the expressive power of deep neural networks for a diverse range of activation functions. An activation function set $\mathscr{A}$ is defined to encompass the majority of commonly used activation functions, such as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-28 Shijun Zhang , Jianfeng Lu , Hongkai Zhao

In this paper we consider PIDEs with gradient-independent Lipschitz continuous nonlinearities and prove that deep neural networks with ReLU activation function can approximate solutions of such semilinear PIDEs without curse of…

数值分析 · 数学 2025-01-22 Ariel Neufeld , Tuan Anh Nguyen , Sizhou Wu

In a neural network with ReLU activations, the number of piecewise linear regions in the output can grow exponentially with depth. However, this is highly unlikely to happen when the initial parameters are sampled randomly, which therefore…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Max Milkert , David Hyde , Forrest Laine

There has been a growing interest in expressivity of deep neural networks. However, most of the existing work about this topic focuses only on the specific activation function such as ReLU or sigmoid. In this paper, we investigate the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-07-24 Ilsang Ohn , Yongdai Kim

This paper quantitatively characterizes the approximation power of deep feed-forward neural networks (FNNs) in terms of the number of neurons. It is shown by construction that ReLU FNNs with width $\mathcal{O}\big(\max\{d\lfloor…

数值分析 · 数学 2021-01-15 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

This paper concentrates on the approximation power of deep feed-forward neural networks in terms of width and depth. It is proved by construction that ReLU networks with width $\mathcal{O}\big(\max\{d\lfloor N^{1/d}\rfloor,\, N+2\}\big)$…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-15 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

We investigate properties of neural networks that use both ReLU and $x^2$ as activation functions and build upon previous results to show that both analytic functions and functions in Sobolev spaces can be approximated by such networks of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-31 Vincent P. H. Goverse , Jad Hamdan , Jared Tanner

In recent years, functional neural networks have been proposed and studied in order to approximate nonlinear continuous functionals defined on $L^p([-1, 1]^s)$ for integers $s\ge1$ and $1\le p<\infty$. However, their theoretical properties…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-04-11 Linhao Song , Jun Fan , Di-Rong Chen , Ding-Xuan Zhou

We study the necessary and sufficient complexity of ReLU neural networks---in terms of depth and number of weights---which is required for approximating classifier functions in $L^2$. As a model class, we consider the set $\mathcal{E}^\beta…

泛函分析 · 数学 2018-05-23 Philipp Petersen , Felix Voigtlaender

We present SiLU network constructions whose approximation efficiency depends critically on proper hyperparameter tuning. For the square function $x^2$, with optimally chosen shift $a$ and scale $\beta$, we achieve approximation error…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Koffi O. Ayena

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have garnered significant attention in various fields of science and technology in recent years. Activation functions define how neurons in DNNs process incoming signals for them. They are essential for learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-08-31 Jianfei Li , Han Feng , Ding-Xuan Zhou

Determining the minimum width of fully connected neural networks has become a fundamental problem in recent theoretical studies of deep neural networks. In this paper, we study the lower bounds and upper bounds of the minimum width required…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Xiao-Song Yang , Qi Zhou , Xuan Zhou

We study the approximation properties of shallow neural networks with an activation function which is a power of the rectified linear unit. Specifically, we consider the dependence of the approximation rate on the dimension and the…

数值分析 · 数学 2021-12-23 Jonathan W. Siegel , Jinchao Xu

We discuss the expressive power of neural networks which use the non-smooth ReLU activation function $\varrho(x) = \max\{0,x\}$ by analyzing the approximation theoretic properties of such networks. The existing results mainly fall into two…

泛函分析 · 数学 2019-04-10 Felix Voigtlaender , Philipp Petersen

We explore the phase diagram of approximation rates for deep neural networks and prove several new theoretical results. In particular, we generalize the existing result on the existence of deep discontinuous phase in ReLU networks to…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2021-01-07 Dmitry Yarotsky , Anton Zhevnerchuk
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