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Recent cosmic-ray measurements are challenging our models of propagation in the Galaxy. A good characterization of the secondary cosmic rays (B, Be, Li and sub-iron species) is crucial to constrain these models and exploit the precision of…
Secondary particles produced in spallation reactions of cosmic rays with the interstellar gas provide valuable information that allow us to investigate the injection and transport of charged particles in the Galaxy. A good understanding of…
Abundances and energy spectra of cosmic ray nuclei are being measured with high accuracy by the AMS experiment. These observations can provide tight constraints to the propagation models of galactic cosmic rays. In the view of the release…
We analyze recent AMS-02 comic-ray measurements of Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen. The emphasis of the analysis is on systematic uncertainties related to propagation and nuclear cross sections. To investigate the…
Understanding the isotopic composition of cosmic rays (CRs) observed near Earth represents a milestone towards the identification of their origin. Local fluxes contain all the known stable and long-lived isotopes, reflecting the complex…
Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) generally share common propagation features, leading to consistent spectral observations of secondary nuclei such as Li, Be, and B. However, the Li spectrum predicted by the CR diffusion coefficient inferred from…
The unprecedented quality of the data collected by the AMS-02 experiment onboard the International Space Station allowed us to address subtle questions concerning the origin and propagation of cosmic rays. Here we discuss the implications…
PAMELA and, more recently, AMS-02, are ushering us into a new era of greatly reduced statistical uncertainties in experimental measurements of cosmic-ray fluxes. In particular, new determinations of traditional diagnostic tools such as the…
Cosmic rays are nowadays a crucial tool to study the astrophysics of extreme objects in the Universe, the cosmic environmental plasma (both Galactic and extra-galactic), the physics of nuclear interactions or the properties of elementary…
The flux of unstable secondary cosmic ray nuclei, produced by spallation processes in the interstellar medium, can be used to constrain the residence time of cosmic rays inside the Galaxy. Among them, $^{10}$Be is especially useful because…
The stable secondary-to-primary flux ratios of cosmic rays (CRs), represented by the boron-to-carbon ratio (B/C), are the main probes of the Galactic CR propagation. However, the fluorine-to-silicon ratio (F/Si) predicted by the CR…
AMS-02 on the International Space Station has been releasing data of unprecedented accuracy. This poses new challenges for their interpretation. We refine the methodology to get a statistically sound determination of the cosmic-ray…
The Be isotopic measurements preliminarily reported by the AMS-02 Collaboration have reached an unprecedented energy of 12 GeV/$n$. As secondary cosmic rays (CRs), the Be isotopes include both stable and unstable species, which are crucial…
Thanks to tremendous experimental efforts, galactic cosmic-ray fluxes are being measured up to the unprecedented per cent precision level. The logarithmic slope of these fluxes is a crucial quantity that promises us information on the…
One of the fundamental issues in cosmic ray physics is to explain the nature of cosmic ray acceleration and propagation mechanisms. Thanks to the precise cosmic ray data measured by recent space experiments, we are able to investigate the…
High-precision data from AMS-02 on Li, Be, and B provide the best constraints on Galactic cosmic-ray transport parameters. We re-evaluate the impact of Fe fragmentation on the Li, Be, and B modelling. We discuss the consequences on the…
Observations of light isotopes in cosmic rays provide valuable information on their origin and propagation in the Galaxy. Using the data collected by the AMS-01 experiment in the range ~0.2-1.5 GeV/nucleon, we compare the measurements on…
The cosmic-ray fluxes of electrons and positrons ($e^{\pm}$) are measured with high precision by the space-borne particle spectrometer AMS-02. To infer a precise interpretation of the production processes for $e^{\pm}$ in our Galaxy, it is…
The recent AMS-02 measurements of cosmic-ray (CR) deuteron fluxes suggest the presence of primary deuterons in quantities far exceeding predictions from Big Bang nucleosynthesis. This poses a significant challenge to modern astrophysics, as…
The ratio of the fluxes of secondary and primary nuclei in cosmic rays has long been used as an indicator of the grammage traversed in the journey of cosmic ray particles throughout the Galaxy. The basic idea is that primary particles are…