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State-of-the-art noisy-intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors are currently implemented across a variety of hardware platforms, each with their own distinct gatesets. As such, circuit compilation should not only be aware of, but also…

In recent years, Quantum Computing (QC) has progressed to the point where small working prototypes are available for use. Termed Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers, these prototypes are too small for large benchmarks or even…

We present two classical algorithms for the simulation of universal quantum circuits on $n$ qubits constructed from $c$ instances of Clifford gates and $t$ arbitrary-angle $Z$-rotation gates such as $T$ gates. Our algorithms complement each…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-06-27 Hakop Pashayan , Oliver Reardon-Smith , Kamil Korzekwa , Stephen D. Bartlett

We show that quantum circuits cannot be made fault-tolerant against a depolarizing noise level of approximately 45%, thereby improving on a previous bound of 50% (due to Razborov). Our precise quantum circuit model enables perfect gates…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Harry Buhrman , Richard Cleve , Monique Laurent , Noah Linden , Alexander Schrijver , Falk Unger

Scalable realisation of quantum computing is reliant on the development of fault tolerant devices. Analysis of quantum error correction protocols typically considers incoherent noise models or noise-free syndrome measurements. While this is…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-29 Ben Harper , Azar C. Nakhl , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

Random and uncontrollable noises from the environment during the design and measurement of superconducting qubits lead to limitations in qubit coherence time and gate fidelity, which is a major challenge in the current state of the art for…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-07-09 Hamid Reza Naeij

We define several quantitative measures of the robustness of a quantum gate against noise. Exact analytic expressions for the robustness against depolarizing noise are obtained for all unitary quantum gates, and it is found that the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-10 Aram W. Harrow , Michael A. Nielsen

Quantum information processing faces a significant hurdle: noise. Different noise sources induce varying errors in quantum operations depending on the underlying dynamics. To gain a deeper understanding of these error mechanisms, we…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-05-02 Yong-Ju Hai , Junning Li , Junkai Zeng , Xiu-Hao Deng

We explore a method for automatically recompiling a quantum circuit A into a target circuit B, with the goal that both circuits have the same action on a specific input i.e. B|in> = A|in>. This is of particular relevance to hybrid, NISQ-era…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-01-26 Tyson Jones , Simon C Benjamin

With the advent of public access to small gate-based quantum processors, it becomes necessary to develop a benchmarking methodology such that independent researchers can validate the operation of these processors. We explore the usefulness…

Recently, several quantum benchmarking algorithms have been developed to characterize noisy quantum gates on today's quantum devices. A well-known issue in benchmarking is that not everything about quantum noise is learnable due to the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-01-06 Senrui Chen , Yunchao Liu , Matthew Otten , Alireza Seif , Bill Fefferman , Liang Jiang

Quantum circuits implementing fault-tolerant quantum error correction (QEC) for the three qubit bit-flip code and five-qubit code are studied. To describe the effect of noise, we apply a model based on a generalized effective Hamiltonian…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-09-08 Y. C. Cheng , R. J. Silbey

Quantum computing testbeds exhibit high-fidelity quantum control over small collections of qubits, enabling performance of precise, repeatable operations followed by measurements. Currently, these noisy intermediate-scale devices can…

Measuring global quantum properties-such as the fidelity to complex multipartite states-is both an essential and experimentally challenging task. Classical shadow estimation offers favorable sample complexity, but typically relies on…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-02-11 Qingyue Zhang , Dayue Qin , Zhou You , Feng Xu , Jens Eisert , You Zhou

Noise mechanisms in quantum systems can be broadly characterized as either coherent (i.e., unitary) or incoherent. For a given fixed average error rate, coherent noise mechanisms will generally lead to a larger worst-case error than…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-01-29 Joel J. Wallman , Christopher Granade , Robin Harper , Steven T. Flammia

Noise of a quantum processor can be an important resource for simulating open quantum dynamics. However, this requires characterizing the device noise and then transforming it into a target structure. Here we take the first step towards…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-23 Yue Ma , Michael Hanks , Evdokia Gneusheva , M. S. Kim

A major challenge in developing quantum computing technologies is to accomplish high precision tasks by utilizing multiplex optimization approaches, on both the physical system and algorithm levels. Loss functions assessing the overall…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-03-03 Zhen Wang , Yanzhu Chen , Zixuan Song , Dayue Qin , Hekang Li , Qiujiang Guo , H. Wang , Chao Song , Ying Li

The present era of quantum processors with hundreds to thousands of noisy qubits has sparked interest in understanding the computational power of these devices and how to leverage it to solve practically relevant problems. For applications…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-15 Victor Martinez , Omar Fawzi , Daniel Stilck França

Quantum noise is a central challenge in quantum computing across many applications. Extensive work has examined how qubits couple to their environment, leading to decoherence and relaxation, which is irreversible. Current studies focus on…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-30 Yunos El Kaderi , Andreas Honecker , Iryna Andriyanova

Access to quantum computing is steadily increasing each year as the speed advantage of quantum computers solidifies with the growing number of usable qubits. However, the inherent noise encountered when running these systems can lead to…