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Standard evaluations of deep learning models for semantics using naturalistic corpora are limited in what they can tell us about the fidelity of the learned representations, because the corpora rarely come with good measures of semantic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-11-01 Atticus Geiger , Ignacio Cases , Lauri Karttunen , Christopher Potts

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is a central task in natural language understanding with applications in fact-checking, question answering, and information retrieval. Despite its importance, current NLI systems heavily rely on supervised…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-07 Pablo Miralles-González , Javier Huertas-Tato , Alejandro Martín , David Camacho

The recent growth in the popularity and success of deep learning models on NLP classification tasks has accompanied the need for generating some form of natural language explanation of the predicted labels. Such generated natural language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-05-26 Sawan Kumar , Partha Talukdar

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform remarkably well in Natural Language Inference (NLI). However, NLI involving numerical and logical expressions remains challenging. Comparatives are a key linguistic phenomenon related to such inference,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-18 Yosuke Mikami , Daiki Matsuoka , Hitomi Yanaka

Natural Language Inference (NLI) datasets often exhibit human label variation. To better understand these variations, explanation-based approaches analyze the underlying reasoning behind annotators' decisions. One such approach is the LiTEx…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Pingjun Hong , Beiduo Chen , Siyao Peng , Marie-Catherine de Marneffe , Benjamin Roth , Barbara Plank

Large-scale pre-trained language models have demonstrated high performance on standard datasets for natural language inference (NLI) tasks. Unfortunately, these evaluations can be misleading, as although the models can perform well on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-09 Daniel Petrov

There is increasing evidence of Human Label Variation (HLV) in Natural Language Inference (NLI), where annotators assign different labels to the same premise-hypothesis pair. However, within-label variation--cases where annotators agree on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Pingjun Hong , Beiduo Chen , Siyao Peng , Marie-Catherine de Marneffe , Barbara Plank

Natural Language Inference is a challenging task that has received substantial attention, and state-of-the-art models now achieve impressive test set performance in the form of accuracy scores. Here, we go beyond this single evaluation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-05-14 Vicente Ivan Sanchez Carmona , Jeff Mitchell , Sebastian Riedel

Evaluating answers from state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) is challenging: lexical metrics miss semantic nuances, whereas "LLM-as-Judge" scoring is computationally expensive. We re-evaluate a lightweight alternative --…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Sai Shridhar Balamurali , Lu Cheng

Natural Language Processing (NLP) models based on Machine Learning (ML) are susceptible to adversarial attacks -- malicious algorithms that imperceptibly modify input text to force models into making incorrect predictions. However,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-26 Salijona Dyrmishi , Salah Ghamizi , Maxime Cordy

Although pre-trained language models (PrLMs) have achieved significant success, recent studies demonstrate that PrLMs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. By generating adversarial examples with slight perturbations on different levels…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-08-23 Jiayi Wang , Rongzhou Bao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

Many natural language inference (NLI) datasets contain biases that allow models to perform well by only using a biased subset of the input, without considering the remainder features. For instance, models are able to make a classification…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-09-01 Dimion Asael , Zachary Ziegler , Yonatan Belinkov

The task of abductive natural language inference (\alpha{}nli), to decide which hypothesis is the more likely explanation for a set of observations, is a particularly difficult type of NLI. Instead of just determining a causal relationship,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-07-12 Emīls Kadiķis , Vaibhav Srivastav , Roman Klinger

Natural Language Inference (NLI) tasks involving temporal inference remain challenging for pre-trained language models (LMs). Although various datasets have been created for this task, they primarily focus on English and do not address the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-21 Tomoki Sugimoto , Yasumasa Onoe , Hitomi Yanaka

We test whether NLP datasets created with Large Language Models (LLMs) contain annotation artifacts and social biases like NLP datasets elicited from crowd-source workers. We recreate a portion of the Stanford Natural Language Inference…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-10 Grace Proebsting , Adam Poliak

The field of Natural Language Generation (NLG) suffers from a severe shortage of labeled data due to the extremely expensive and time-consuming process involved in manual annotation. A natural approach for coping with this problem is active…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-18 Yotam Perlitz , Ariel Gera , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer , Dafna Sheinwald , Noam Slonim , Liat Ein-Dor

Data annotation, the practice of assigning descriptive labels to raw data, is pivotal in optimizing the performance of machine learning models. However, it is a resource-intensive process susceptible to biases introduced by annotators. The…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial examples, perturbations to correctly classified examples which can cause the model to misclassify. In the image domain, these perturbations are often virtually indistinguishable to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-09-26 Moustafa Alzantot , Yash Sharma , Ahmed Elgohary , Bo-Jhang Ho , Mani Srivastava , Kai-Wei Chang

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is a hot topic research in natural language processing, contradiction detection between sentences is a special case of NLI. This is considered a difficult NLP task which has a big influence when added as a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-04-05 Khloud Al Jallad , Nada Ghneim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential for offensive language detection, yet their ability to handle annotation disagreement remains underexplored. Disagreement samples, which arise from subjective interpretations, pose a unique…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Junyu Lu , Kai Ma , Kaichun Wang , Kelaiti Xiao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Bo Xu , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin