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Neutron star mergers have been long considered as promising sites of heavy $r$-process nucleosynthesis. We overview observational evidence supporting this scenario including: the total amount of $r$-process elements in the Galaxy, extreme…
The mergers of binary compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes are of central interest to several areas of astrophysics, including as the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), sources of high-frequency gravitational waves and…
We describe the first observations of the same celestial object with gravitational waves and light. * GW170817 was the first detection of a neutron star merger with gravitational waves. * The detection of a spatially coincident weak burst…
On August 17, 2017 the LIGO-Virgo collaboration detected for the first time gravitational waves from the binary merger of two neutron stars (GW170817). Unlike the merger of two black holes, the associated electromagnetic radiation was also…
The first neutron star (NS) merger observed by advanced LIGO and Virgo, GW170817, and its fireworks of electromagnetic counterparts across the entire electromagnetic spectrum marked the beginning of multi-messenger astronomy and…
In 2017, LIGO-Virgo collaborations reported detection of the first neutron star merger event, GW170817, which is accompanied by electromagnetic counterparts from radio to gamma rays. Although high-energy neutrinos were not detected from…
The production of elements by rapid neutron capture (r-process) in neutron-star mergers is expected theoretically and is supported by multimessenger observations of gravitational-wave event GW170817: this production route is in principle…
A multi-messenger approach with gravitational-wave transients and high-energy neutrinos is expected to open new perspectives in the study of the most violent astrophysical processes in the Universe. In particular, gamma-ray bursts are of…
In the last decade, enormous progress has been achieved in the understanding of the various facets of coalescing double neutron star and neutron black hole binary systems. One hopes that the mergers of such compact binaries can be routinely…
The merger of two neutron stars or of a neutron star and a black hole often result in the ejection of a few percents of a solar mass of matter expanding at high speed in space. Being matter coming from the violent disruption of a neutron…
GW170817-GRB 170817A provided the first observation of gravitational waves from a neutron star merger with associated transient counterparts across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. This discovery demonstrated the long-hypothesized…
Since the discovery of the binary neutron star merger GW170817 and its associated kilonova, neutron star mergers have been established as a key production channel for r-process elements in the Universe. However, various lines of evidence,…
Merging neutron stars and neutron star-black holes binaries are powerful sources of gravitational waves. They have also been suggested as possible sources of cosmic gamma-ray bursts and are discussed as sites for the formation of r-process…
The first multimessenger observation of a neutron star merger was independently detected in gamma-rays by Fermi-GBM and INTEGRAL SPI-ACS and gravitational waves by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. Gravitational waves are emitted from…
Mergers of two compact objects, like two neutron stars or a neutron star and a black hole, are the probable progenitor of short gamma-ray bursts. These events are also promising sources of gravitational waves, that are currently motivating…
The cosmic origin of the elements heavier than iron has long been uncertain. Theoretical modelling shows that the matter that is expelled in the violent merger of two neutron stars can assemble into heavy elements such as gold and platinum…
Neutron star (binary neutron star and neutron star - black hole) mergers are believed to produce short-duration gamma-ray bursts. They are also believed to be the dominant source of gravitational waves to be detected by the advanced LIGO…
Mergers of binaries consisting of two neutron stars, or a black hole and a neutron star, offer a unique opportunity to study a range of physical and astrophysical processes using two different and almost orthogonal probes - gravitational…
The existence of neutron star mergers has been supported since the discovery of the binary pulsar and the observation of its orbital energy loss, consistent with General Relativity. They are considered nucleosynthesis sites of the rapid…
The first detection of a binary neutron star merger, GW170817, and an associated short gamma-ray burst confirmed that neutron star mergers are responsible for at least some of these bursts. The prompt gamma ray emission from these events is…