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As the first decentralized digital currency introduced in 2009 together with the blockchain, Bitcoin offers new opportunities both for developed and developing countries. Bitcoin peer-to-peer transactions are independent of the banking…

物理与社会 · 物理学 2018-04-25 Francesco Parino , Mariano G. Beiro , Laetitia Gauvin

A comparative study across the most widely known blockchain technologies is conducted with a bottom-up approach. Blockchains are disentangled into building blocks. Each building block is then hierarchically classified in main and…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2018-04-17 Paolo Tasca , Claudio J. Tessone

Blockchain, the backbone of Bitcoin, has recently gained a lot of attention. Blockchain functions as an immutable record that enables decentralized transactions. Blockchain-based applications are sprouting up in a variety of industries,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-03-23 Aakash Garg , Ankit Tyagi , Anant Patel , Divyansh Raj

Blockchain was mainly introduced for secure transactions in connection with the mining of cryptocurrency Bitcoin. This article discusses the fundamental concepts of blockchain technology and its components, such as block header,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-01-27 Sunil Kumar Singh , Sumit Kumar

The applications of the blockchain technology are still being discov-ered. When a new potential disruptive technology emerges, there is a tendency to try to solve every problem with that technology. However, it is still necessary to…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2021-03-16 Bruno Tavares , Filipe Figueiredo Correia , André Restivo , João Pascoal Faria , Ademar Aguiar

Blockchain is a growing decentralized system built for transparency and immutability. There have been several major attacks on blockchain-based systems, leaving a gap in the trustability of this system. This article presents a comprehensive…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-17 Joydip Das , Syed Ashraf Al Tasin , Md. Forhad Rabbi , Md Sadek Ferdous

Blockchain is a distributed database that keeps a chronologically-growing list (chain) of records (blocks) secure from tampering and revision. While computerisation has changed the nature of a ledger from clay tables in the old days to…

综合金融 · 定量金融 2016-12-20 Jan Hendrik Witte

Industry 4.0 is a concept devised for improving the way modern factories operate through the use of some of the latest technologies, like the ones used for creating Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), robotics or Big Data applications.…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-02-02 Tiago M. Fernandez-Carames , Paula Fraga-Lamas

We explore the origins of blockchain technologies to better understand the enduring needs they address. We identify the five key elements of a blockchain, show embodiments of these elements, and examine how these elements come together to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-10-16 Alan T. Sherman , Farid Javani , Haibin Zhang , Enis Golaszewski

Blockchain technology has revolutionized the digital landscape, driving innovations across industries through its decentralized and transparent infrastructure. These networks are primarily categorized as public or private, based on user…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Mohammad Pishdar , Jawad Manzoor

The proliferation of sensor technologies in Industrial Control Systems (ICS) helped to transform the environment towards better automation, process control and monitoring. However, sensor technologies expose the smart cities of the future…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-09-27 Gabriela Ahmadi-Assalemi , Haider Al-Khateeb

In the given technology-driven era, smart cities are the next frontier of technology, aiming at improving the quality of people's lives. Many research works focus on future smart cities with a holistic approach towards smart city…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-07-22 S. Valli Sanghami , John J. Lee , Qin Hu

Given the rising interest in the circular economy and blockchain hype, numerous integrations were proposed. However, studies on the practical feasibility were scarce, and the assumptions of blockchain potential in the circular economy were…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2024-06-24 Giulio Caldarelli

The combination between innovative topics and emerging technologies lets researchers define new processes and models. New needs regard the definition of modular and scalable approaches, with society and environment in mind. An important…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-05-08 Marco Fiore , Marina Mongiello

Blockchain technology has attracted tremendous attention in both academia and capital market. However, overwhelming speculations on thousands of available cryptocurrencies and numerous initial coin offering (ICO) scams have also brought…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2018-10-15 Wei Cai , Zehua Wang , Jason B. Ernst , Zhen Hong , Chen Feng , Victor C. M. Leung

In recent years, the term Metaverse emerged as one of the most compelling concepts, captivating the interest of international companies such as Tencent, ByteDance, Microsoft, and Facebook. These company recognized the Metaverse as a pivotal…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Bingquan Jin , Hailu Kuang , Xiaoqi Li

Blockchain technology has completely revolutionized the field of decentralized finance with the emergence of a variety of cryptocurrencies and digital assets. However, widespread adoption of this technology by governments and enterprises…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-29 Syed Ibrahim Omer

Blockchains provide a mechanism through which mutually distrustful remote parties can reach consensus on the state of a ledger of information. With the great acceleration with which this space is developed, the demand for those seeking to…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2023-05-18 Rodrigo Veiga , Markus Endler , Valeria de Paiva

The popularity of blockchain technology continues to grow rapidly in both industrial and academic fields. Most studies of blockchain focus on the improvements of security, usability, or efficiency of blockchain protocols, or the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2018-06-20 He Jiang , Dong Liu , Zhilei Ren , Tao Zhang

The concept of smart grid has been introduced as a new vision of the conventional power grid to figure out an efficient way of integrating green and renewable energy technologies. In this way, Internet-connected smart grid, also called…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-05-14 Muhammad Baqer Mollah , Jun Zhao , Dusit Niyato , Kwok-Yan Lam , Xin Zhang , Amer M. Y. M. Ghias , Leong Hai Koh , Lei Yang