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Magnetic fields are a defining yet enigmatic aspect of the interstellar medium (ISM), with their three-dimensional mapping posing a substantial challenge. In this study, we harness the innovative Velocity Gradient Technique (VGT),…

Probing magnetic fields in self-gravitating molecular clouds are generally difficult even with the use of the polarimetry. Based on the properties of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence and turbulent reconnection, Velocity Gradient…

Magnetic fields (B-fields) are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium (ISM), and they play an essential role in the formation of molecular clouds and subsequent star formation. However, B-fields in interstellar environments remain…

As a novel approach for tracing interstellar magnetic fields, the Velocity Gradient Technique (VGT) has been proven to be effective for probing magnetic fields in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM). In this work, we verify the VGT in a…

The observations of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background provide information about primordial inhomogeneities in the universe. However, the B-mode polarization of the inflationary gravitational wave is contaminated by the…

Magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium but are notoriously difficult to study through observation. Making use of the advances in our understanding of MHD turbulence and turbulent reconnection, the Velocity Gradient…

We apply Velocity Channel Gradients (VChGs) and Reduced Velocity Centroids Gradients (RVCGs) to H I data (the LAB survey), obtaining the plane-of-sky component (POS) of the magnetic field as a function of the relative velocity. Assuming a…

Probing magnetic fields in astrophysical environments is both important and challenging. The Gradient Technique (GT) is a new tool for tracing magnetic fields, rooted in the properties of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence and turbulent…

Star formation is a complex process that typically occurs in dense regions of molecular clouds mainly regulated by magnetic fields, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, and self-gravity. However, it remains a challenging endeavor to trace…

In modern cosmology, many efforts have been put to detect primordial B-mode of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization from the gravitational waves generated during inflation. Considering the foreground dust contamination of…

The advancement of our understanding of MHD turbulence opens ways to develop new techniques to probe magnetic fields. In MHD turbulence, the velocity gradients are expected to be perpendicular to magnetic fields and this fact was used by…

Magnetic fields and turbulence are fundamental to the evolution of galaxies, yet their precise measurement and analysis present significant challenges. The recently developed Velocity Gradient Technique (VGT), which capitalizes on the…

Measuring magnetic fields in the interstellar medium and obtaining their distribution along line-of-sight is very challenging with the traditional techniques. The Velocity Gradient Technique (VGT), which utilizes anisotropy of…

Magnetic fields, while ubiquitous in many astrophysical environments, are challenging to measure observationally. Based on the properties of anisotropy of eddies in magnetized turbulence, the Velocity Gradient Technique is a method…

Magnetic fields play an important role in the evolution of molecular clouds and star formation. Using the Velocity Gradient Technique (VGT) model, we measured the magnetic field in Orion A using the 12CO, 13CO, and C18O (1-0) emission lines…

Tracing of the magnetic field with Velocity Gradient Technique (VGT) allows observers to probe magnetic field directions with spectroscopic data. In this paper, we employ the method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to extract the…

Recent developments of the Velocity Gradient Technique (VGT) show that the velocity gradients provide a reliable tracing of magnetic field direction in turbulent plasmas. In this paper, we explore the ability of velocity gradients to…

This study proceeds with the development of the technique employing velocity gradients that were identified in (\cite{GL17}, henceforth GL17) as a means of probing magnetic field in interstellar media. We demonstrate a number of practical…

Understanding how star formation is regulated requires studying the energy balance between turbulence, magnetic fields, stellar feedback, and gravity within molecular clouds. However, identifying the transition region where the gravity…

We study the magnetic field structures in six giant filaments associated with the spiral arms of the Milky Way by applying the Velocity Gradient technique (VGT) to the 13CO spectroscopic data from GRS, Fugin, and SEDIGSM surveys. Compared…