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Treatment effect estimation is of high-importance for both researchers and practitioners across many scientific and industrial domains. The abundance of observational data makes them increasingly used by researchers for the estimation of…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-06-22 Niki Kiriakidou , Christos Diou

This Element offers a practical guide to estimating conditional marginal effects-how treatment effects vary with a moderating variable-using modern statistical methods. Commonly used approaches, such as linear interaction models, often…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-05-21 Jiehan Liu , Ziyi Liu , Yiqing Xu

This paper provides additional results relevant to the setting, model, and estimators of Auerbach (2019a). Section 1 contains results about the large sample properties of the estimators from Section 2 of Auerbach (2019a). Section 2…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2021-05-24 Eric Auerbach

Causal inference in a program evaluation setting faces the problem of external validity when the treatment effect in the target population is different from the treatment effect identified from the population of which the sample is…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2021-12-23 Kyungchul Song , Zhengfei Yu

Stepped wedge designs (SWDs) are increasingly used to evaluate longitudinal cluster-level interventions but pose substantial challenges for valid inference. Because crossover times are randomized, intervention effects are intrinsically…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-05-12 Fan Xia , K. C. Gary Chan , Emily Voldal , Avi Kenny , Patrick J. Heagerty , James P. Hughes

Many research questions involve time-to-event outcomes that can be prevented from occurring due to competing events. In these settings, we must be careful about the causal interpretation of classical statistical estimands. In particular,…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2020-09-01 Torben Martinussen , Mats Julius Stensrud

Area-specific causal inference is important in many policy and survey applications, where the goal is to evaluate treatment effects for small geographic or demographic domains. Existing causal small area estimation methods, however,…

统计理论 · 数学 2026-05-06 Tsubasa Ito , Shonosuke Sugasawa

Causal inference has numerous real-world applications in many domains, such as health care, marketing, political science, and online advertising. Treatment effect estimation, a fundamental problem in causal inference, has been extensively…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-03 Zhixuan Chu , Jianmin Huang , Ruopeng Li , Wei Chu , Sheng Li

We propose a generalization of the synthetic controls and synthetic interventions methodology to incorporate network interference. We consider the estimation of unit-specific potential outcomes from panel data in the presence of spillover…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2023-10-13 Anish Agarwal , Sarah H. Cen , Devavrat Shah , Christina Lee Yu

Under network interference, the treatment given to one unit may also affect the outcomes of its neighboring units in an exposure graph. Existing large-sample theory has focused on settings where either the exposure graph is sparse, or the…

统计理论 · 数学 2026-03-27 Bryan Park , Stefan Wager

In settings where interference between units is possible, we define the prevalence of indirect effects to be the number of units who are affected by the treatment of others. This quantity does not fully identify an indirect effect, but may…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-01-18 David Choi

In biomedical research, repeated measurements within each subject are often processed to remove artifacts and unwanted sources of variation. The resulting data are used to construct derived outcomes that act as proxies for scientific…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-02-03 Zihang Wang , Razieh Nabi , Benjamin B. Risk

Influence maximization in networks is a central problem in machine learning and causal inference, where an intervention on a subset of individuals triggers a diffusion process through the network. Existing approaches typically optimize…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-03-13 Renjie Cao , Zhuoxin Yan , Xinyan Su , Zhiheng Zhang

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) often exhibit limited inferential efficiency in estimating treatment effects due to small sample sizes. In recent years, the combination of external controls has gained increasing attention as a means of…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-10-06 Qinwei Yang , Jingyi Li , Peng Wu

Interventional effects have been proposed as a solution to the unidentifiability of natural (in)direct effects under mediator-outcome confounders affected by the exposure. Such confounders are an intrinsic characteristic of studies with…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-03-30 Iván Díaz , Nicholas Williams , Kara E. Rudolph

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects in network settings is complicated by interference, meaning that the outcome of an instance can be influenced by the treatment status of others. Existing causal machine learning approaches usually…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Daan Caljon , Jente Van Belle , Wouter Verbeke

This paper considers the estimation of treatment effects in randomized experiments with complex experimental designs, including cases with interference between units. We develop a design-based estimation theory for arbitrary experimental…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2025-05-27 Haoge Chang

We consider efficient estimation of flexible transformation models with interval-censored data. To reduce the dimension of semi-parametric models, the unknown monotone transformation function is approximated via monotone splines. A…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2019-12-30 Minggen Lu , Yan Liu , Chin-Shang Li , Jianguo Sun

In many applications of network analysis, it is important to distinguish between observed and unobserved factors affecting network structure. To this end, we develop spectral estimators for both unobserved blocks and the effect of…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2021-03-15 Angelo Mele , Lingxin Hao , Joshua Cape , Carey E. Priebe

This paper develops doubly robust estimators for direct (DATT) and spillover (SATT) average treatment effects on the treated in network-based difference-in-differences (DiD) designs. Unlike standard DiD methods, the proposed approach…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-09-30 Kuan Sun , Zhiguo Xiao
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