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Formal guarantees for cyber-physical systems (CPS) rely on diverse assumptions. If satisfied, these assumptions enable the transfer of abstract guarantees into real-world assurances about the deployed CPS. Although assumptions are central…
Given the safety-critical functions of autonomous cyber-physical systems (CPS) across diverse domains, testing these systems is essential. While conventional software and hardware testing methodologies offer partial insights, they…
Resilience in cyber-physical systems (CPS) is the fundamental ability to maintain safety and critical functionality despite adverse "perturbations," which includes security attacks, environmental disruptions, and hardware or software…
Self-Healing Cyber-Physical Systems (SH-CPS) effectively recover from system perceived failures without human intervention. They ensure a level of resilience and tolerance to unforeseen situations that arise from intrinsic system and…
Cyber-physical systems require the construction and management of various models to assure their correct, safe, and secure operation. These various models are necessary because of the coupled physical and computational dynamics present in…
The development of cyber-physical system (CPS) is a big challenge because of its complexity and its complex requirements. Especially in Requirements Engineering (RE), there exist many redundant and conflict requirements. Eliminating…
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) incorporate the complex and large-scale engineered systems behind critical infrastructure operations, such as water distribution networks, energy delivery systems, healthcare services, manufacturing systems, and…
Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) facilitate the integration of physical entities and cyber infrastructures through the utilization of pervasive computational resources and communication units, leading to improved efficiency, automation, and…
Cyber physical systems (CPS) are mission critical systems engineered by combination of cyber and physical systems respectively. These systems are tightly coupled, resource constrained systems and have dynamic real time applications. Due to…
This paper introduces a formal definition of a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) in the spirit of the CPS Framework proposed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It shows that using this definition, various problems…
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) operate in dynamic environments, leading to different types of uncertainty. This work provides a comprehensive review of uncertainty representations and categorizes them based on the dimensions used to represent…
We consider a security setting in which the Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is composed of subnetworks where each subnetwork is under ownership of one defender. Such CPS can be represented by an attack graph where the defenders are required to…
With the exponential growth of cyber-physical systems (CPS), new security challenges have emerged. Various vulnerabilities, threats, attacks, and controls have been introduced for the new generation of CPS. However, there lack a systematic…
An appropriate system model gives developers a better overview, and the ability to fix more inconsistencies more effectively and earlier in system development, reducing overall effort and cost. However, modelling assumes abstraction of…
Self-organizing cyber-physical systems are expected to become increasingly important in the context of Industry 4.0 automation as well as in everyday scenarios. Resilient communication is crucial for such systems. In general, this can be…
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are systems composed by a physical component that is controlled or monitored by a cyber-component, a computer-based algorithm. Advances in CPS technologies and science are enabling capability, adaptability,…
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are formed through interconnected components capable of computation, communication, sensing and changing the physical world. The development of these systems poses a significant challenge since they have to be…
Cyberphysical systems (CPS) are ubiquitous in our personal and professional lives, and they promise to dramatically improve micro-communities (e.g., urban farms, hospitals), macro-communities (e.g., cities and metropolises), urban…
Today's cyber physical systems (CPS) are not well protected against cyber attacks. Protected CPS often have holes in their defense, due to the manual nature of today's cyber security design process. It is necessary to automate or…
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) pose new challenges to verification and validation that go beyond the proof of functional correctness based on high-level models. Particular challenges are, in particular for formal methods, its heterogeneity…