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This paper proposes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) inspired by Multitask Learning (MTL) and based on speech features trained under the joint supervision of softmax loss and center loss, a powerful metric learning strategy, for the…

This paper investigates the impact of the loss function in value-based methods for reinforcement learning through an analysis of underlying prediction objectives. We theoretically show that mean absolute error is a better prediction…

Recent neural network strategies for source separation attempt to model audio signals by processing their waveforms directly. Mean squared error (MSE) that measures the Euclidean distance between waveforms of denoised speech and the…

This paper analyzes and compares different deep learning loss functions in the framework of multi-label remote sensing (RS) image scene classification problems. We consider seven loss functions: 1) cross-entropy loss; 2) focal loss; 3)…

Designing proper loss functions for vision tasks has been a long-standing research direction to advance the capability of existing models. For object detection, the well-established classification and regression loss functions have been…

Face recognition is one of the most widely publicized feature in the devices today and hence represents an important problem that should be studied with the utmost priority. As per the recent trends, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)…

Emotion recognition from audio signals has been regarded as a challenging task in signal processing as it can be considered as a collection of static and dynamic classification tasks. Recognition of emotions from speech data has been…

Medical images commonly exhibit multiple abnormalities. Predicting them requires multi-class classifiers whose training and desired reliable performance can be affected by a combination of factors, such as, dataset size, data source,…

Code-Switching (CS) remains a challenge for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), especially character-based models. With the combined choice of characters from multiple languages, the outcome from character-based models suffers from phoneme…

Neural networks and in particular the attention mechanism have brought significant advances to the field of Automated Essay Scoring. Many of these systems use a regression-based model which may be prone to underfitting when the model only…

Previous work has shown that neural encoder-decoder speech recognition can be improved with hierarchical multitask learning, where auxiliary tasks are added at intermediate layers of a deep encoder. We explore the effect of hierarchical…

Machine learning models for speech emotion recognition (SER) can be trained for different tasks and are usually evaluated based on a few available datasets per task. Tasks could include arousal, valence, dominance, emotional categories, or…

Evaluation metrics in machine learning are often hardly taken as loss functions, as they could be non-differentiable and non-decomposable, e.g., average precision and F1 score. This paper aims to address this problem by revisiting the…

Contrastive learning has gained popularity and pushes state-of-the-art performance across numerous large-scale benchmarks. In contrastive learning, the contrastive loss function plays a pivotal role in discerning similarities between…

We derive the mapping between two of the most pervasive utility functions, the mean square error ($MSE$) and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC, $\rho_c$). Despite its drawbacks, $MSE$ is one of the most popular performance…

This paper presents a comprehensive review of loss functions and performance metrics in deep learning, highlighting key developments and practical insights across diverse application areas. We begin by outlining fundamental considerations…

Utilizing a human-perception-related objective function to train a speech enhancement model has become a popular topic recently. The main reason is that the conventional mean squared error (MSE) loss cannot represent auditory perception…

This report presents our audio event detection system submitted for Task 2, "Detection of rare sound events", of DCASE 2017 challenge. The proposed system is based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and deep neural networks (DNNs)…

Most state-of-the-art machine learning techniques revolve around the optimisation of loss functions. Defining appropriate loss functions is therefore critical to successfully solving problems in this field. In this survey, we present a…

A speech emotion recognition algorithm based on multi-feature and Multi-lingual fusion is proposed in order to resolve low recognition accuracy caused by lack of large speech dataset and low robustness of acoustic features in the…