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Quantum networks will provide multi-node entanglement over long distances to enable secure communication on a global scale. Traditional quantum communication protocols consume pair-wise entanglement, which is sub-optimal for distributed…

We conduct a comparative study to determine the initial quality necessary to extend the distance range of an $N$-qubit GHZ state (the parent state) using two-dimensional repeaters. We analyzed two strategies for distributing initial GHZ…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-05-20 Mohadeseh Azari , Amy Babay , Prashant Krishnamurthy , Kaushik Seshadreesan

We consider quantum and private communications assisted by repeaters, from the basic scenario of a single repeater chain to the general case of an arbitrarily-complex quantum network, where systems may be routed through single or multiple…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-08-17 Stefano Pirandola

The key requirement for quantum networking is the distribution of entanglement between nodes. Surprisingly, entanglement can be generated across a network without direct transfer - or communication - of entanglement. In contrast to…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the most explored application of quantum information theory. A central problem in entanglement-based QKD (EB-QKD), is whether every entangled state can be used to extract a key. We observe that entanglement…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-09 Shubhayan Sarkar , Tushita Prasad , Karol Horodecki

Encoding and decoding quantum information in a multipartite quantum system are indispensable for quantum error correction and also play crucial roles in multiparty tasks in distributed quantum information processing such as quantum secret…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-04-03 Hayata Yamasaki , Mio Murao

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a crucial technology for information security in the future. Developing simple and efficient ways to establish QKD among multiple users are important to extend the applications of QKD in communication…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-01-15 Xu Liu , Xin Yao , Rong Xue , Heqing Wang , Hao Li , Zhen Wang , Lixing You , Xue Feng , Fang Liu , Kaiyu Cui , Yidong Huang , Wei Zhang

We demonstrate that a necessary precondition for unconditionally secure quantum key distribution is that sender and receiver can use the available measurement results to prove the presence of entanglement in a quantum state that is…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-11-10 Marcos Curty , Maciej Lewenstein , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum networking relies on entanglement distribution between distant nodes, typically realized by swapping procedures. However, entanglement swapping is a demanding task in practice, mainly because of limited effectiveness of entangled…

We demonstrate entanglement distribution between two remote quantum nodes located 3 meters apart. This distribution involves the asynchronous preparation of two pairs of atomic memories and the coherent mapping of stored atomic states into…

We study the limits of bipartite entanglement distribution using a chain of quantum repeaters that have quantum memories. To generate end-to-end entanglement, each node can attempt the generation of an entangled link with a neighbor, or…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-05-11 Álvaro G. Iñesta , Gayane Vardoyan , Lara Scavuzzo , Stephanie Wehner

Quantum communications promises reliable transmission of quantum information, efficient distribution of entanglement and generation of completely secure keys. For all these tasks, we need to determine the optimal point-to-point rates that…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-04-27 Stefano Pirandola , Riccardo Laurenza , Carlo Ottaviani , Leonardo Banchi

A feasible route towards implementing long-distance quantum key distribution (QKD) systems relies on probabilistic schemes for entanglement distribution and swapping as proposed in the work of Duan, Lukin, Cirac, and Zoller (DLCZ) [Nature…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-03-17 Jeyran Amirloo , Mohsen Razavi , A. Hamed Majedi

We study entanglement generation in a quantum network where repeater nodes can perform $n$-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ) swaps, i.e., projective measurements, to fuse $n$ imperfect-Fidelity entangled-state fragments. We show that…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-06-07 Eneet Kaur , Saikat Guha

The distribution of entanglement between macroscopically separated parties represents a crucial protocol for future quantum information networks. Surprisingly, it has been theoretically shown that two distant systems can be entangled by…

The feasibility of trust-free long-haul quantum key distribution (QKD) networks is addressed. We combine measurement-device-independent QKD (MDI-QKD), as an access technology, with a quantum repeater setup, at the core of future quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-03-02 Nicoló Lo Piparo , Mohsen Razavi

Quantum networks are essential for advancing scalable quantum information processing. Quantum nonlocality sharing provides a crucial strategy for the resource-efficient recycling of quantum correlations, offering a promising pathway toward…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-12-16 Ming-Xiao Li , Yuqi Li , Rui-Bin Xu , Mo-Ran Zhu , Haitao Ma , Chang-Yue Zhang , Zhu-Jun Zheng

Quantum information theory is a multidisciplinary field whose objective is to understand what happens when information is stored in the state of a quantum system. Quantum mechanics provides us with a new resource, called quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2011-05-25 Nicolas Dutil

In this paper we propose a technique for distributing entanglement in architectures in which interactions between pairs of qubits are constrained to a fixed network $G$. This allows for two-qubit operations to be performed between qubits…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-11-04 Niel de Beaudrap , Steven Herbert

Quantum key distribution is a way to distribute secret keys to distant users with information theoretic security and key rates suitable for real-world applications. Its rate-distance figure, however, is limited by the natural loss of the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-09-12 Kiyoshi Tamaki , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Wenyuan Wang , Marco Lucamarini