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In an isolated quantum many-body system undergoing unitary evolution, we study the thermalization of a subsystem, treating the rest of the system as a bath. In this setting, the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) was proposed to…

统计力学 · 物理学 2023-11-30 Aram W. Harrow , Yichen Huang

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) provides a way to understand how an isolated quantum mechanical system can be approximated by a thermal density matrix. We find a class of operators in (1+1)-$d$ conformal field theories,…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2017-08-30 Pallab Basu , Diptarka Das , Shouvik Datta , Sridip Pal

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is the leading conjecture for the emergence of statistical mechanics in generic isolated quantum systems and is formulated in terms of the matrix elements of operators. An analog known as the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2024-10-04 Siddharth Jindal , Pavan Hosur

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is the leading interpretation in our current understanding of quantum thermalization. Recent results uncovered strong connections between quantum correlations in thermalizing systems and the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2025-12-23 Gabriel O. Alves , Felix Fritzsch , Pieter W. Claeys

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) represents a cornerstone in the theoretical understanding of the emergence of thermal behavior in closed quantum systems. The ETH asserts that expectation values of simple observables in energy…

统计力学 · 物理学 2024-05-15 Giorgio Cipolloni , Jonah Kudler-Flam

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) insists that for nonintegrable systems each energy eigenstate accurately gives microcanonical expectation values for a class of observables. As a mechanism for ETH to hold, we show that the…

统计力学 · 物理学 2018-05-15 Takaaki Monnai

We consider the statistical properties of eigenstates of the time-evolution operator in chaotic many-body quantum systems. Our focus is on correlations between eigenstates that are specific to spatially extended systems and that…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-08-21 Dominik Hahn , David J. Luitz , J. T. Chalker

We derive the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) from a random matrix Hamiltonian by extending the model introduced by J. M. Deutsch [Phys. Rev. A 43, 2046 (1991)]. We approximate the coupling between a subsystem and a many-body…

统计力学 · 物理学 2018-09-26 Charlie Nation , Diego Porras

A plausible mechanism of thermalization in isolated quantum systems is based on the strong version of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), which states that all the energy eigenstates in the microcanonical energy shell have…

统计力学 · 物理学 2018-05-23 Toru Yoshizawa , Eiki Iyoda , Takahiro Sagawa

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a fundamental mechanism for emergent statistical mechanics in isolated chaotic quantum systems, asserting that individual energy eigenstates behave as pseudorandom vectors within an…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-05-27 Ning Sun , Yanting Cheng

The Eigenstate-Thermalization-Hypothesis (ETH) has been established as the general framework to understand quantum statistical mechanics. Only recently has the attention been paid to so-called full ETH, which accounts for higher-order…

统计力学 · 物理学 2025-04-10 Silvia Pappalardi , Felix Fritzsch , Tomaž Prosen

The validity of the ergodic hypothesis in quantum systems can be rephrased in the form of the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis (ETH), a set of statistical properties for the matrix elements of local observables in energy eigenstates,…

统计力学 · 物理学 2024-10-16 Miha Srdinšek , Tomaž Prosen , Spyros Sotiriadis

Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) represents a breakthrough in many-body physics since it allows to link thermalization of physical observables with the applicability of random matrix theory (RMT). Recent years were also extremely…

统计力学 · 物理学 2024-08-06 Maksymilian Kliczkowski , Rafał Świętek , Miroslav Hopjan , Lev Vidmar

Ergodic isolated quantum many-body systems satisfy the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), i.e., the expectation values of local observables in the system's eigenstates approach the predictions of the microcanonical ensemble.…

无序系统与神经网络 · 物理学 2025-11-25 Adith Sai Aramthottil , Ali Emami Kopaei , Piotr Sierant , Lev Vidmar , Jakub Zakrzewski

Deriving conditions under which a macroscopic system thermalizes directly from the underlying quantum many-body dynamics of its microscopic constituents is a long-standing challenge in theoretical physics. The well-known eigenstate…

统计力学 · 物理学 2022-02-02 Lennart Dabelow , Patrick Vorndamme , Peter Reimann

Ergodicity has been one of the fundamental concepts underpinning our understanding of thermalization in isolated systems since the first developments in classical statistical mechanics. Recently, a similar notion has been introduced for…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-08-20 Leonard Logaric , John Goold , Shane Dooley

Quantum error correction, thermalization, and quantum chaos are fundamental aspects of quantum many-body physics that have each developed largely independently, despite their deep conceptual overlap. In this work, we establish a precise…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-10-31 Shozab Qasim , Jason Pollack

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) explains how generic quantum many-body systems thermalize internally. It implies that local operators' time-averaged expectation values approximately equal their thermal expectation values,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-12-12 Aleksander Lasek , Jae Dong Noh , Jade LeSchack , Nicole Yunger Halpern

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) has played a key role in recent advances in the high energy and condensed matter communities. It explains how an isolated quantum system in a far-from-equilibrium initial state can evolve to a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-14 Elena Cáceres , Stefan Eccles , Jason Pollack , Sarah Racz

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) posits that the reduced density matrix for a subsystem corresponding to an excited eigenstate is "thermal." Here we expound on this hypothesis by asking: for which class of operators, local or…

强关联电子 · 物理学 2018-05-02 James R. Garrison , Tarun Grover