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Scalability has been a bottleneck for major blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. Despite the significantly improved scalability claimed by several high--profile blockchain projects, there has been little effort to understand how their…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-10-06 Daniel Perez , Jiahua Xu , Benjamin Livshits

Efficiency is a fundamental property of any type of program, but it is even more so in the context of the programs executing on the blockchain (known as smart contracts). This is because optimizing smart contracts has direct consequences on…

编程语言 · 计算机科学 2023-01-13 Elvira Albert , Jesús Correas , Pablo Gordillo , Guillermo Román-Díez , Albert Rubio

Scalability is a common issue among the most used permissionless blockchains, and several approaches have been proposed to solve this issue. Tackling scalability while preserving the security and decentralization of the network is a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-11-10 Mikel Cortes-Goicoechea , Tarun Mohandas-Daryanani , Jose L. Muñoz-Tapia , Leonardo Bautista-Gomez

Modern public blockchains like Ethereum rely on p2p networks to run distributed and censorship-resistant applications. With its wide adoption, it operates as a highly critical public ledger. On its transition to become more scalable and…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2023-09-26 Mikel Cortes-Goicoechea , Tarun Mohandas-Daryanani , Jose Luis Munoz-Tapia , Leonardo Bautista-Gomez

Ethereum has emerged as the most popular smart contract development platform, with hundreds of thousands of contracts stored on the blockchain and covering a variety of application scenarios, such as auctions, trading platforms, and so on.…

编程语言 · 计算机科学 2020-05-18 Clara Schneidewind , Ilya Grishchenko , Markus Scherer , Matteo Maffei

Over the last years, Ethereum has evolved into a public platform that safeguards the savings of hundreds of millions of people and secures more than $650 billion in assets, placing it among the top 25 stock exchanges worldwide in market…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Zeta Avarikioti , Ray Neiheiser , Krzysztof Pietrzak , Michelle X. Yeo

Being the most popular permissionless blockchain that supports smart contracts, Ethereum allows any user to create accounts on it. However, not all accounts matter. For example, the accounts due to attacks can be removed. In this paper, we…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-09-02 Xiaoqi Li , Ting Chen , Xiapu Luo , Jiangshan Yu

BatPay is a proxy scaling solution for the transfer of ERC20 tokens. It is suitable for micropayments in one-to-many and few-to-many scenarios, including digital markets and the distribution of rewards and dividends. In BatPay, many similar…

As the significance of blockchain innovation grows and the focus on scalability intensifies, rollup technology has emerged as a promising approach to tackle these scalability concerns. Nonetheless, rollups encounter restrictions when…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-06-01 Hyun Jeong , Hyemin Lee

Blockchain offers a decentralized, immutable, transparent system of records. It offers a peer-to-peer network of nodes with no centralised governing entity making it unhackable and therefore, more secure than the traditional paper-based or…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-11-27 Harsh Jot Singh , Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid

Ethereum is one of the most popular blockchain systems that supports more than half a million transactions every day and fosters miscellaneous decentralized applications with its Turing-complete smart contract machine. Whereas it remains…

社会与信息网络 · 计算机科学 2020-01-16 Qianlan Bai , Chao Zhang , Yuedong Xu , Xiaowei Chen , Xin Wang

Uncontrolled growth of blockchain state can adversely affect client performance, decentralization and security. Previous attempts to introduce duration-based state storage pricing or 'storage rent' in Ethereum have stalled, partly because…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2022-10-26 Sergio Demian Lerner , Federico Jinich , Diego Masini , Shreemoy Mishra

The State Database of a blockchain stores account data and enables authentication. Modern blockchains use fast consensus protocols to avoid forking, improving throughput and finality. However, Ethereum's StateDB was designed for a forking…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2025-12-05 Herbert Jordan , Kamil Jezek , Pavle Subotic , Bernhard Scholz

Blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum execute payment transactions securely, but their performance is limited by the need for global consensus. Payment networks overcome this limitation through off-chain transactions. Instead of writing…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-10-29 Joshua Lind , Oded Naor , Ittay Eyal , Florian Kelbert , Peter Pietzuch , Emin Gun Sirer

Conthereum is a concurrent Ethereum solution for intra-block parallel transaction execution, enabling validators to utilize multi-core infrastructure and transform the sequential execution model of Ethereum into a parallel one. This shift…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-23 Atefeh Zareh Chahoki , Maurice Herlihy , Marco Roveri

In Bitcoin and Ethereum, nodes require large storage capacity to maintain all the blockchain data, such as transactions, UTXOs, and account states. As of May 2020, the storage size of the Bitcoin blockchain has expanded to 270 GB, and it…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2020-07-17 Ryunosuke Nagayama , Ryohei Banno , Kazuyuki Shudo

A rollup network is a type of popular "Layer 2" scaling solution for general purpose "Layer 1" blockchains like Ethereum. Rollups networks separate execution of transactions from other aspects like consensus, processing transactions off of…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Francisco Gomes Figueira , Martin Derka , Ching Lun Chiu , Jan Gorzny

Bitcoin and Ethereum, whose miners arguably collectively comprise the most powerful computational resource in the history of mankind, offer no more power for processing and verifying transactions than a typical smart phone. The system…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-08-14 Jason Teutsch , Christian Reitwießner

Recently, there has been a remarkable amount of research being done in both, the fields of Blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT). Blockchain technology synergises well with IoT, solving key problems such as privacy, concerns with…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-05-04 Kinshuk Dua

Atomic Crosschain Transaction technology allows composable programming across permissioned Ethereum blockchains. It allows for inter-contract and inter-blockchain function calls that are both synchronous and atomic: if one part fails, the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-06-09 Peter Robinson