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A large number of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium calculations are often required for uncertainty quantification, optimization, and real-time diagnostic information, making MHD equilibrium codes vital to the field of plasma physics.…

Brain imaging data such as EEG or MEG are high-dimensional spatiotemporal data often degraded by complex, non-Gaussian noise. For reliable analysis of brain imaging data, it is important to extract discriminative, low-dimensional intrinsic…

A deep neural network is developed and trained on magnetic measurements (input) and EFIT poloidal magnetic flux (output) on the EAST tokamak. In optimizing the network architecture, we use automatic optimization in searching for the best…

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have received considerable attention since its introduction. It has been widely applied in various fields due to its ability to represent graph structured data. However, the application of GNNs is constrained by…

Deep learning for distribution grid optimization can be advocated as a promising solution for near-optimal yet timely inverter dispatch. The principle is to train a deep neural network (DNN) to predict the solutions of an optimal power flow…

This paper develops fundamental limits of deep neural network learning by characterizing what is possible if no constraints are imposed on the learning algorithm and on the amount of training data. Concretely, we consider Kolmogorov-optimal…

Ability of deep networks to extract high level features and of recurrent networks to perform time-series inference have been studied. In view of universality of one hidden layer network at approximating functions under weak constraints, the…

This paper investigates reinforcement learning with constraints, which are indispensable in safety-critical environments. To drive the constraint violation monotonically decrease, we take the constraints as Lyapunov functions and impose new…

A neural network model, EFITNN, has been developed capable of real-time magnetic equilibrium reconstruction based on HL-3 tokamak magnetic measurement signals. The model processes inputs from 68 channels of magnetic measurement data…

Deep neural network (DNN) generally takes thousands of iterations to optimize via gradient descent and thus has a slow convergence. In addition, softmax, as a decision layer, may ignore the distribution information of the data during…

A main puzzle of deep neural networks (DNNs) revolves around the apparent absence of "overfitting", defined in this paper as follows: the expected error does not get worse when increasing the number of neurons or of iterations of gradient…

DNNs have been quickly and broadly exploited to improve the data analysis quality in many complex science and engineering applications. Today's DNNs are becoming deeper and wider because of increasing demand on the analysis quality and more…

In the past five years, deep learning methods have become state-of-the-art in solving various inverse problems. Before such approaches can find application in safety-critical fields, a verification of their reliability appears mandatory.…

As artificial intelligence emerges as a transformative enabler for fusion energy commercialization, fast and accurate solvers become increasingly critical. In magnetic confinement nuclear fusion, rapid and accurate solution of the…

Deep neural networks (DNN) have an impressive ability to invert very complex models, i.e. to learn the generative parameters from a model's output. Once trained, the forward pass of a DNN is often much faster than traditional,…

The accurate construction of tokamak equilibria, which is critical for the effective control and optimization of plasma configurations, depends on the precise distribution of magnetic fields and magnetic fluxes. Equilibrium fitting codes,…

Deep neural networks are typically represented by a much larger number of parameters than shallow models, making them prohibitive for small footprint devices. Recent research shows that there is considerable redundancy in the parameter…

The objective of this paper is to investigate the ability of physics-informed neural networks to learn the magnetic field response as a function of design parameters in the context of a two-dimensional (2-D) magnetostatic problem. Our…

Recently, graph-based models designed for downstream tasks have significantly advanced research on graph neural networks (GNNs). GNN baselines based on neural message-passing mechanisms such as GCN and GAT perform worse as the network…

In recent studies, several asymptotic upper bounds on generalization errors on deep neural networks (DNNs) are theoretically derived. These bounds are functions of several norms of weights of the DNNs, such as the Frobenius and spectral…