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We prove the Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC), a lower bound on the stress tensor in terms of the second variation in a null direction of the entropy of a region. The QNEC arose previously as a consequence of the Quantum Focussing…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2016-01-20 Raphael Bousso , Zachary Fisher , Jason Koeller , Stefan Leichenauer , Aron C. Wall

The quantum null energy condition (QNEC) is a conjectured relation between a null version of quantum field theory energy and derivatives of quantum field theory von Neumann entropy. In some cases, divergences cancel between these two terms…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2018-02-21 Zicao Fu , Donald Marolf

Quantum null energy condition (QNEC) is usually stated as a bound on the expectation value of null components of the stress energy tensor at a point in terms of second null shape variations of the entanglement entropy at the same point. It…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2023-10-17 Pratik Roy

The Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC) is a lower bound on the stress-energy tensor in quantum field theory that has been proved quite generally. It can equivalently be phrased as a positivity condition on the second null shape derivative…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2021-02-03 Mudassir Moosa , Pratik Rath , Vincent Paul Su

The quantum null energy condition (QNEC) is a conjectured bound on components $(T_{kk} = T_{ab} k^a k^b$) of the stress tensor along a null vector $k^a$ at a point $p$ in terms of a second $k$-derivative of the von Neumann entropy $S$ on…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2017-12-29 Zicao Fu , Jason Koeller , Donald Marolf

The Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC) is a new local energy condition that a general Quantum Field Theory (QFT) is believed to satisfy, relating the classical null energy condition (NEC) to the second functional derivative of the…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2018-07-04 Christian Ecker , Daniel Grumiller , Wilke van der Schee , Philipp Stanzer

The Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC) relates energy to the second variation of entropy in relativistic quantum field theory. We use the QNEC inequality to bound entanglement entropy in quenches. At early times the entanglement entropy…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2019-09-04 Márk Mezei , Julio Virrueta

We give a simplified proof of the quantum null energy condition (QNEC). Our proof is based on an explicit formula for the shape derivative of the relative entropy, with respect to an entangling cut. It allows bypassing the analytic…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2025-10-06 Stefan Hollands , Roberto Longo

We use holography to prove the Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC) at leading order in large-$N$ for CFTs and relevant deformations of CFTs in Minkowski space which have Einstein gravity duals. Given any codimension-2 surface $\Sigma$…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2016-07-20 Jason Koeller , Stefan Leichenauer

We prove a conjectured lower bound on $\left< T_{--}(x) \right>_\psi$ in any state $\psi$ of a relativistic QFT dubbed the Quantum Null Energy Condition (QNEC). The bound is given by the second order shape deformation, in the null…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2020-03-04 Srivatsan Balakrishnan , Thomas Faulkner , Zuhair U. Khandker , Huajia Wang

We derive new families of quantum null energy inequalities (QNEIs), i.e. bounds on integrated null energy, in quantum field theories in two and higher dimensions. These are universal, state-independent lower bounds on semi-local integrals…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2026-04-17 Jackson R. Fliss , Andrew Rolph

We compute the local second variation of the von Neumann entropy of a region in theories with a gravity dual. For null variations our formula says that the diagonal part of the Quantum Null Energy Condition is saturated in every state, thus…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2018-10-17 Stefan Leichenauer , Adam Levine , Arvin Shahbazi-Moghaddam

The null energy condition (NEC), an important assumption of the Penrose singularity theorem, is violated by quantum fields. The natural generalization of the NEC in quantum field theory, the renormalized null energy averaged over a finite…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2021-11-11 Jackson R. Fliss , Ben Freivogel , Eleni-Alexandra Kontou

The Improved Quantum Null Energy Condition (INEC) was recently derived from the (restricted) quantum focusing conjecture (QFC), and is a statement about the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) of field theories in Minkowski space-time. It is a…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2026-01-28 Ido Ben-Dayan , Ayushi Srivastava

The quantum null energy condition (QNEC) is a lower bound on the expectation value of the null-null component of the energy-momentum tensor in terms of null variations of the entanglement entropy. A stronger version of the QNEC (the primary…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2025-06-17 Tanay Kibe , Pratik Roy

The quantum null energy condition (QNEC) is the only known consistent local energy condition in quantum theories. Contrary to the classical energy condition which are known to be violated in QFT, QNEC is a consequence of the quantum…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2020-09-16 Philipp Stanzer

We investigate the quantum null energy condition (QNEC) in holographic CFTs, focusing on half-spaces and particular classes of states. We present direct, and in certain cases nonperturbative, calculations for both the diagonal and off-…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2018-09-26 Zuhair U. Khandker , Sandipan Kundu , Daliang Li

A null line is a complete achronal null geodesic. It is proven that for any quantum fields minimally coupled to semiclassical Einstein gravity, the averaged null energy condition (ANEC) on null lines is a consequence of the generalized…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2010-04-06 Aron C. Wall

Recently, Larry Ford and Tom Roman have discovered that in a flat cylindrical space, although the stress-energy tensor itself fails to satisfy the averaged null energy condition (ANEC) along the (non-achronal) null geodesics, when the…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2009-10-22 Ulvi Yurtsever

By rearranging its terms, the Quantum Focusing Conjecture (QFC) can be viewed as a quantum energy condition, and we can consider various limits. A recent restricted version is a limiting form where the quantum focusing vanishes $\Theta…

高能物理 - 理论 · 物理学 2023-10-24 Ido Ben-Dayan
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