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Code-switching, the alternation of languages within a conversation or utterance, is a common communicative phenomenon that occurs in multilingual communities across the world. This survey reviews computational approaches for code-switched…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-07-24 Sunayana Sitaram , Khyathi Raghavi Chandu , Sai Krishna Rallabandi , Alan W Black

While recent benchmarks have spurred a lot of new work on improving the generalization of pretrained multilingual language models on multilingual tasks, techniques to improve code-switched natural language understanding tasks have been far…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-07-22 Archiki Prasad , Mohammad Ali Rehan , Shreya Pathak , Preethi Jyothi

Code-switching (CSW) is the act of alternating between two or more languages within a single discourse. This phenomenon is widespread in multilingual communities, and increasingly prevalent in online content, where users naturally mix…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Amr Mohamed , Yang Zhang , Michalis Vazirgiannis , Guokan Shang

Machine Translation (MT) is one of the most prominent tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP) which involves the automatic conversion of texts from one natural language to another while preserving its meaning and fluency. Although the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-26 Kavit Gangar , Hardik Ruparel , Shreyas Lele

This paper proposes a new pre-training method, called Code-Switching Pre-training (CSP for short) for Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Unlike traditional pre-training method which randomly masks some fragments of the input sentence, the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-09-18 Zhen Yang , Bojie Hu , Ambyera Han , Shen Huang , Qi Ju

Recent studies have shown that code-switching data (CSD), in which multiple languages are mixed within the same context, can improve cross-lingual transfer and multilingual alignment in large language models (LLMs). However, existing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Shunta Asano , Jeonghun Baek , Toshihiko Yamasaki

In this thesis, we address the data scarcity and limitations of linguistic theory by proposing language-agnostic multi-task training methods. First, we introduce a meta-learning-based approach, meta-transfer learning, in which information…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-04-14 Genta Indra Winata

Multilingual transformer language models have recently attracted much attention from researchers and are used in cross-lingual transfer learning for many NLP tasks such as text classification and named entity recognition. However, similar…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-27 Sudhanshu Ranjan , Dheeraj Mekala , Jingbo Shang

Lack of text data has been the major issue on code-switching language modeling. In this paper, we introduce multi-task learning based language model which shares syntax representation of languages to leverage linguistic information and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-10-05 Genta Indra Winata , Andrea Madotto , Chien-Sheng Wu , Pascale Fung

In this paper, we present our initial efforts for building a code-switching (CS) speech recognition system leveraging existing acoustic models (AMs) and language models (LMs), i.e., no training required, and specifically targeting…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-09-03 Zhen Huang , Xiaodan Zhuang , Daben Liu , Xiaoqiang Xiao , Yuchen Zhang , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi

Languages usually switch within a multilingual speech signal, especially in a bilingual society. This phenomenon is referred to as code-switching (CS), making automatic speech recognition (ASR) challenging under a multilingual scenario. We…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-10-02 Hexin Liu , Leibny Paola Garcia , Xiangyu Zhang , Andy W. H. Khong , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Cross-lingual transfer has become a crucial aspect of multilingual NLP, as it allows for models trained on resource-rich languages to be applied to low-resource languages more effectively. Recently massively multilingual pre-trained…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Ajitesh Bankula , Praney Bankula

Code-switching is a commonly observed communicative phenomenon denoting a shift from one language to another within the same speech exchange. The analysis of code-switched data often becomes an assiduous task, owing to the limited…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-11-04 Tanvi Dadu , Kartikey Pant

This paper addresses challenges of Natural Language Processing (NLP) on non-canonical multilingual data in which two or more languages are mixed. It refers to code-switching which has become more popular in our daily life and therefore…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2016-10-10 Özlem Çetinoğlu , Sarah Schulz , Ngoc Thang Vu

In this work, we study whether multilingual language models (MultiLMs) can transfer logical reasoning abilities to other languages when they are fine-tuned for reasoning in a different language. We evaluate the cross-lingual reasoning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-25 Negar Foroutan , Mohammadreza Banaei , Karl Aberer , Antoine Bosselut

In zero-shot cross-lingual transfer, a supervised NLP task trained on a corpus in one language is directly applicable to another language without any additional training. A source of cross-lingual transfer can be as straightforward as…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-01-27 Hyunjin Choi , Judong Kim , Seongho Joe , Seungjai Min , Youngjune Gwon

Code-switching (CS) occurs when a speaker alternates words of two or more languages within a single sentence or across sentences. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) of CS speech has to deal with two or more languages at the same time. In…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-06-19 Xinyuan Zhou , Emre Yılmaz , Yanhua Long , Yijie Li , Haizhou Li

Embedding from Language Models (ELMo) has shown to be effective for improving many natural language processing (NLP) tasks, and ELMo takes character information to compose word representation to train language models.However, the character…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-09-19 Jiangtong Li , Hai Zhao , Zuchao Li , Wei Bi , Xiaojiang Liu

Natural language processing (NLP) techniques have become mainstream in the recent decade. Most of these advances are attributed to the processing of a single language. More recently, with the extensive growth of social media platforms focus…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-01-12 Ramchandra Joshi , Raviraj Joshi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in multilingual contexts, yet their capacity for consistent, logically grounded alignment across languages remains underexplored. We present a controlled evaluation framework for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Samir Abdaljalil , Erchin Serpedin , Khalid Qaraqe , Hasan Kurban