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One of the things that need to change when it comes to machine translation is the models' ability to translate code-switching content, especially with the rise of social media and user-generated content. In this paper, we are proposing a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-12 Mohamed Anwar

Code-switching (CS) refers to a linguistic phenomenon where a speaker uses different languages in an utterance or between alternating utterances. In this work, we study end-to-end (E2E) approaches to the Mandarin-English code-switching…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-07-12 Zhiping Zeng , Yerbolat Khassanov , Van Tung Pham , Haihua Xu , Eng Siong Chng , Haizhou Li

Training a code-switching (CS) language model using only monolingual data is still an ongoing research problem. In this paper, a CS language model is trained using only monolingual training data. As recurrent neural network (RNN) models are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-12-25 Asad Ullah , Tauseef Ahmed

Adapting large language models to other languages typically employs supervised fine-tuning (SFT) as a standard approach. However, it often suffers from an overemphasis on English performance, a phenomenon that is especially pronounced in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Jungseob Lee , Seongtae Hong , Hyeonseok Moon , Heuiseok Lim

Practical needs of developing task-oriented dialogue assistants require the ability to understand many languages. Novel benchmarks for multilingual natural language understanding (NLU) include monolingual sentences in several languages,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-11-23 Alexey Birshert , Ekaterina Artemova

Modern NLP applications have enjoyed a great boost utilizing neural networks models. Such deep neural models, however, are not applicable to most human languages due to the lack of annotated training data for various NLP tasks.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-06-06 Xilun Chen , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah , Hany Hassan , Wei Wang , Claire Cardie

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential in speech generation and recognition, their applications are mainly confined to monolingual scenarios, with limited explorations in code-switched (CS) contexts. In this paper, we…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-08-25 Jing Xu , Daxin Tan , Jiaqi Wang , Xiao Chen

An increasing number of people in the world today speak a mixed-language as a result of being multilingual. However, building a speech recognition system for code-switching remains difficult due to the availability of limited resources and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-04-30 Genta Indra Winata , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Zhaojiang Lin , Zihan Liu , Peng Xu , Pascale Fung

Language identification for code-switching (CS), the phenomenon of alternating between two or more languages in conversations, has traditionally been approached under the assumption of a single language per token. However, if at least one…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-04-04 Manuel Mager , Özlem Çetinoğlu , Katharina Kann

Code-switching (CS) is a common linguistic phenomenon exhibited by multilingual individuals, where they tend to alternate between languages within one single conversation. CS is a complex phenomenon that not only encompasses linguistic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-08-02 Injy Hamed , Alia El Bolock , Cornelia Herbert , Slim Abdennadher , Ngoc Thang Vu

We formulate and test a technique to use Emergent Communication (EC) with a pre-trained multilingual model to improve on modern Unsupervised NMT systems, especially for low-resource languages. It has been argued that the current dominant…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-20 C. M. Downey , Xuhui Zhou , Leo Z. Liu , Shane Steinert-Threlkeld

A lack of code-switching data complicates the training of code-switching (CS) language models. We propose an approach to train such CS language models on monolingual data only. By constraining and normalizing the output projection matrix in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-05-22 Shun-Po Chuang , Tzu-Wei Sung , Hung-Yi Lee

Code-Switching, a common phenomenon in written text and conversation, has been studied over decades by the natural language processing (NLP) research community. Initially, code-switching is intensively explored by leveraging linguistic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-26 Genta Indra Winata , Alham Fikri Aji , Zheng-Xin Yong , Thamar Solorio

Generating code-switched text is a problem of growing interest, especially given the scarcity of corpora containing large volumes of real code-switched text. In this work, we adapt a state-of-the-art neural machine translation model to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-07-15 Ishan Tarunesh , Syamantak Kumar , Preethi Jyothi

Code-switching (CS), i.e. mixing different languages in a single sentence, is a common phenomenon in communication and can be challenging in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) settings. Previous studies on CS speech have shown promising…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Belen Alastruey , Matthias Sperber , Christian Gollan , Dominic Telaar , Tim Ng , Aashish Agarwal

Amidst the rapid advances of large language models (LLMs), most LLMs still struggle with mixed-language inputs, limited Codeswitching (CSW) datasets, and evaluation biases, which hinder their deployment in multilingual societies. This…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Rajvee Sheth , Samridhi Raj Sinha , Mahavir Patil , Himanshu Beniwal , Mayank Singh

Code-switching, or alternating between languages within a single conversation, presents challenges for multilingual language models on NLP tasks. This research investigates if pre-training Multilingual BERT (mBERT) on code-switched datasets…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-12 Katherine Xie , Nitya Babbar , Vicky Chen , Yoanna Turura

Being able to parse code-switched (CS) utterances, such as Spanish+English or Hindi+English, is essential to democratize task-oriented semantic parsing systems for certain locales. In this work, we focus on Spanglish (Spanish+English) and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-01-29 Arash Einolghozati , Abhinav Arora , Lorena Sainz-Maza Lecanda , Anuj Kumar , Sonal Gupta

Code switching (CS) is a very common phenomenon in written and spoken communication but one that is handled poorly by many natural language processing applications. Looking to the application of building CS corpora, we explore CS language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-05 Laurie Burchell , Alexandra Birch , Robert P. Thompson , Kenneth Heafield

Code-switching is a data augmentation scheme mixing words from multiple languages into source lingual text. It has achieved considerable generalization performance of cross-lingual transfer tasks by aligning cross-lingual contextual word…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-21 Zhuoran Li , Chunming Hu , Junfan Chen , Zhijun Chen , Xiaohui Guo , Richong Zhang