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The blazar Mrk 421 exhibits rapid variability over a wide range of timescales. Spectral differences have been observed during the different emission states of Mrk 421. During the high emission states, tests to constraint the Hubble constant…

Multiwavelength variability of blazars offers indirect insight into their powerful engines and on the mechanisms through which energy is propagated from the centre down the jet. The BL Lac object Mkn 421 is a TeV emitter, a bright blazar at…

Observations of very high energy gamma-rays from blazars provide information about acceleration mechanisms occurring in their innermost regions. Studies of variability in these objects allow a better understanding of the mechanisms at play.…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2015-05-19 HESS Collaboration , A. Abramowski , F. Acero , F. Aharonian , A. G. Akhperjanian , G. Anton , U. Barres de Almeida , A. R. Bazer-Bachi , Y. Becherini , B. Behera , W. Benbow , K. Bernlohr , A. Bochow , C. Boisson , J. Bolmont , V. Borrel , J. Brucker , F. Brun , P. Brun , R. Buhler , T. Bulik , I. Busching , T. Boutelier , P. M. Chadwick , A. Charbonnier , R. C. G. Chaves , A. Cheesebrough , J. Conrad , L. -M. Chounet , A. C. Clapson , G. Coignet , L. Costamante , M. Dalton , M. K. Daniel , I. D. Davids , B. Degrange , C. Deil , H. J. Dickinson , A. Djannati-Atai , W. Domainko , L. O'C. Drury , F. Dubois , G. Dubus , J. Dyks , M. Dyrda , K. Egberts , P. Eger , P. Espigat , L. Fallon , C. Farnier , S. Fegan , F. Feinstein , M. V. Fernandes , A. Fiasson , A. Foerster , G. Fontaine , M. Fussling , S. Gabici , Y. A. Gallant , L. Gerard , D. Gerbig , B. Giebels , J. F. Glicenstein , B. Glueck , P. Goret , D. Goering , D. Hampf , M. Hauser , S. Heinz , G. Heinzelmann , G. Henri , G. Hermann , J. A. Hinton , A. Hoffmann , W. Hofmann , P. Hofverberg , M. Holleran , S. Hoppe , D. Horns , A. Jacholkowska , O. C. de Jager , C. Jahn , I. Jung , K. Katarzynski , U. Katz , S. Kaufmann , M. Kerschhaggl , D. Khangulyan , B. Khelifi , D. Keogh , D. Klochkov , W. Kluzniak , T. Kneiske , Nu. Komin , K. Kosack , R. Kossakowski , G. Lamanna , J. -P. Lenain , T. Lohse , C. -C. Lu , V. Marandon , A. Marcowith , J. Masbou , D. Maurin , T. J. L. McComb , M. C. Medina , J. Mehault , R. Moderski , E. Moulin , M. Naumann-Godo , M. de Naurois , D. Nedbal , D. Nekrassov , N. Nguyen , B. Nicholas , J. Niemiec , S. J. Nolan , S. Ohm , J-F. Olive , E. de Ona Wilhelmi , B. Opitz , K. J. Orford , M. Ostrowski , M. Panter , M. Paz Arribas , G. Pedaletti , G. Pelletier , P. -O. Petrucci , S. Pita , G. Puehlhofer , M. Punch , A. Quirrenbach , B. C. Raubenheimer , M. Raue , S. M. Rayner , O. Reimer , M. Renaud , R. de los Reyes , F. Rieger , J. Ripken , L. Rob , S. Rosier-Lees , G. Rowell , B. Rudak , C. B. Rulten , J. Ruppel , F. Ryde , V. Sahakian , A. Santangelo , R. Schlickeiser , F. M. Schoeck , A. Schoenwald , U. Schwanke , S. Schwarzburg , S. Schwemmer , A. Shalchi , I. Sushch , M. Sikora , J. L. Skilton , H. Sol , L. Stawarz , R. Steenkamp , C. Stegmann , F. Stinzing , G. Superina , A. Szostek , P. H. Tam , J. -P. Tavernet , R. Terrier , O. Tibolla , M. Tluczykont , K. Valerius , C. van Eldik , G. Vasileiadis , C. Venter , L. Venter , J. P. Vialle , A. Viana , P. Vincent , M. Vivier , H. J. Voelk , F. Volpe , S. Vorobiov , S. J. Wagner , M. Ward , A. A. Zdziarski , A. Zech , H. -S. Zechlin

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory is a wide field-of-view observatory sensitive to 0.5 TeV - 100 TeV gamma-rays and cosmic-rays in the State of Puebla, Mexico at an altitude of 4100m. The HAWC observatory…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2019-08-13 Tolga Yapici , Andrew J. Smith

Simultaneous HESS/CHANDRA/optical observations were performed on the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304 in the night of July 29-30 2006, when the source underwent its second major gamma-ray outburst in Summer 2006. This event took place about 44…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-13 HESS Collaboration , F. Aharonian

The Crab Nebula was discovered as the first very-high-energy gamma-ray source by the Whipple Observatory in 1989. Thirty years after its discovery it is still the reference source and the standard candle for Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov…

The high-energy Diffuse Gamma-Ray Background (DGRB) is expected to be produced by unresolved isotropically distributed astrophysical objects, potentially including dark matter annihilation or decay emissions in galactic or extragalactic…

Observations of fast TeV $\gamma$-ray flares from blazars reveal the extreme compactness of emitting regions in blazar jets. Combined with very-long-baseline radio interferometry measurements, they probe the structure and emission mechanism…

During May 2013, a gamma-ray flare from the BL Lac object 1ES 1727+502 (z=0.055) has been detected with the VERITAS Cherenkov telescopes. This detection represents the first evidence of very-high-energy (E>100 GeV) variability from this…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2019-08-13 Matteo Cerruti

A preliminary result from Markarian 421 observations in the energy region above 10 TeV with the CANGAROO-II 10 m telescope is presented. In January 2001, the HEGRA group reported that Markarian 421 had become very active, with flux levels…

Blazars with redshifts z<0.1 are likely candidates for detection at energies in the range 300 GeV - 50 TeV with Cerenkov telescopes and scintillator arrays. We present gamma-ray flux predictions for a sample of 15 nearby flat-spectrum radio…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2011-05-23 K. Mannheim , S. Westerhoff , H. Meyer , H. -H. Fink

Mrk~421 is one of the most fascinating blazars, widely studied across the electromagnetic spectrum using observations at various wavebands, from radio to the TeV gamma ray bands. We present the first detailed spectral and timing analysis of…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-12-10 Sangeetha Kizhakkekalam , Gopal Bhatta , Navaneeth P K , Tek P. Adhikari

The Crab Nebula has been observed by the HEGRA stereoscopic system of 4 imaging air Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) for about 100 hours from 1997 September to 1998 March. The recent detailed studies on the system performance give an energy…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2019-08-14 A. Konopelko

We report a characterization of the multi-band flux variability and correlations of the nearby (z=0.031) blazar Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) using data from Mets\"{a}hovi, Swift, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, FACT and other collaborations and instruments…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2021-05-26 MAGIC Collaboration , V. A. Acciari , S. Ansoldi , L. A. Antonelli , K. Asano , A. Babić , B. Banerjee , A. Baquero , U. Barres de Almeida , J. A. Barrio , J. Becerra González , W. Bednarek , L. Bellizzi , E. Bernardini , M. Bernardos , A. Berti , J. Besenrieder , W. Bhattacharyya , C. Bigongiari , O. Blanch , G. Bonnoli , Ž. Bošnjak , G. Busetto , R. Carosi , G. Ceribella , M. Cerruti , Y. Chai , A. Chilingarian , S. Cikota , S. M. Colak , E. Colombo , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , S. Covino , G. D'Amico , V. D'Elia , P. Da Vela , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , B. De Lotto , M. Delfino , J. Delgado , C. Delgado Mendez , D. Depaoli , T. Di Girolamo , F. Di Pierro , L. Di Venere , E. Do Souto Espiñeira , D. Dominis Prester , A. Donini , M. Doro , V. Fallah Ramazani , A. Fattorini , G. Ferrara , L. Foffano , M. V. Fonseca , L. Font , C. Fruck , S. Fukami , R. J. García López , M. Garczarczyk , S. Gasparyan , M. Gaug , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , P. Gliwny , N. Godinović , J. G. Green , D. Green , D. Hadasch , A. Hahn , L. Heckmann , J. Herrera , J. Hoang , D. Hrupec , M. Hütten , T. Inada , S. Inoue , K. Ishio , Y. Iwamura , J. Jormanainen , L. Jouvin , Y. Kajiwara , M. Karjalainen , D. Kerszberg , Y. Kobayashi , H. Kubo , J. Kushida , A. Lamastra , D. Lelas , F. Leone , E. Lindfors , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , M. López , R. López-Coto , A. López-Oramas , S. Loporchio , B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga , C. Maggio , P. Majumdar , M. Makariev , M. Mallamaci , G. Maneva , M. Manganaro , L. Maraschi , M. Mariotti , M. Martínez , D. Mazin , S. Mender , S. Mićanović , D. Miceli , T. Miener , M. Minev , J. M. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan , E. Molina , A. Moralejo , D. Morcuende , V. Moreno , E. Moretti , P. Munar-Adrover , V. Neustroev , C. Nigro , K. Nilsson , D. Ninci , K. Nishijima , K. Noda , S. Nozaki , Y. Ohtani , T. Oka , J. Otero-Santos , M. Palatiello , D. Paneque , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , L. Pavletić , P. Peñil , C. Perennes , M. Persic , P. G. Prada Moroni , E. Prandini , C. Priyadarshi , I. Puljak , W. Rhode , M. Ribó , J. Rico , C. Righi , A. Rugliancich , L. Saha , N. Sahakyan , T. Saito , S. Sakurai , K. Satalecka , B. Schleicher , K. Schmidt , T. Schweizer , J. Sitarek , I. Šnidarić , D. Sobczynska , A. Spolon , A. Stamerra , D. Strom , M. Strzys , Y. Suda , T. Surić , M. Takahashi , F. Tavecchio , P. Temnikov , T. Terzić , M. Teshima , N. Torres-Albà , L. Tosti , S. Truzzi , J. van Scherpenberg , G. Vanzo , M. Vazquez Acosta , S. Ventura , V. Verguilov , C. F. Vigorito , V. Vitale , I. Vovk , M. Will , D. Zarić , FACT collaboration , : , A. Arbet-Engels , D. Baack , M. Balbo , M. Beck , N. Biederbeck , A. Biland , T. Bretz , K. Bruegge , J. Buss , D. Dorner , D. Elsaesser , D. Hildebrand , R. Iotov , M. Klinger , K. Mannheim , D. Neise , A. Neronov , M. Noethe , A. Paravac , W. Rhode , B. Schleicher , V. Sliusar , F. Theissen , R. Walter , MWL Collaborators , : , J. Valverde , D. Horan , M. Giroletti , M. Perri , F. Verrecchia , C. Leto , A. C. Sadun , J. W. Moody , M. Joner , A. P. Marscher , S. G. Jorstad , A. Lähteenmäki , M. Tornikoski , V. Ramakrishnan , E. Järvelä , R. J. C. Vera , S. Righini , A. Y. Lien

The Crab Nebula has been observed by the HEGRA (High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy) stereoscopic system of imaging air Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) for a total of about 200 hrs during two observational campaigns: from September 1997 to March…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-10-31 F. Aharonian , The HEGRA Collaboration

Between 2004 and 2009 a sample of 28 X-ray selected high- and intermediate-frequency peaked blazars with a X-ray flux larger than 2 uJy at 1 keV in the redshift range from 0.018 to 0.361 was observed with the MAGIC telescope at energies…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2011-03-03 MAGIC Collaboration , J. Aleksić , L. A. Antonelli , P. Antoranz , M. Backes , C. Baixeras , J. A. Barrio , D. Bastieri , J. Becerra González , W. Bednarek , A. Berdyugin , K. Berger , E. Bernardini , A. Biland , O. Blanch , R. K. Bock , G. Bonnoli , P. Bordas , D. Borla Tridon , V. Bosch-Ramon , D. Bose , I. Braun , T. Bretz , D. Britzger , M. Camara , E. Carmona , A. Carosi , P. Colin , S. Commichau , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , M. T. Costado , S. Covino , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , E. De Cea del Pozo , R. De los Reyes , B. De Lotto , M. De Maria , F. De Sabata , C. Delgado Mendez , M. Doert , A. Domínguez , D. Dominis Prester , D. Dorner , M. Doro , D. Elsaesser , M. Errando , D. Ferenc , M. V. Fonseca , L. Font , R. J. García López , M. Garczarczyk , M. Gaug , N. Godinovic , D. Hadasch , A. Herrero , D. Hildebrand , D. Höhne-Mönch , J. Hose , D. Hrupec , C. C. Hsu , T. Jogler , S. Klepser , T. Krähenbühl , D. Kranich , A. La Barbera , A. Laille , E. Leonardo , E. Lindfors , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , M. López , E Lorenz , P. Majumdar , G. Maneva , N. Mankuzhiyil , K. Mannheim , L. Maraschi , M. Mariotti , M. Martínez , D. Mazin , M. Meucci , J. M. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan , H. Miyamoto , J. Moldón , M. Moles , A. Moralejo , D. Nieto , K. Nilsson , J. Ninkovic , R. Orito , I. Oya , S. Paiano , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , S. Partini , M. Pasanen , D. Pascoli , F. Pauss , R. G. Pegna , M. A. Perez-Torres , M. Persic , L. Peruzzo , F. Prada , E. Prandini , N. Puchades , I. Puljak , I. Reichardt , W. Rhode , M. Ribó , J. Rico , M. Rissi , S. Rügamer , A. Saggion , T. Y. Saito , M. Salvati , M. Sánchez-Conde , K. Satalecka , V. Scalzotto , V. Scapin , C. Schultz , T. Schweizer , M. Shayduk , S. N. Shore , A. Sierpowska-Bartosik , A. Sillanpää , J Sitarek , D. Sobczynska , F. Spanier , S. Spiro , A. Stamerra , B. Steinke , J. C. Struebig , T. Suric , L. Takalo , F. Tavecchio , P. Temnikov , T. Terzic , D. Tescaro , M. Teshima , O. Tibolla , D. F. Torres , H. Vankov , R. M. Wagner , Q. Weitzel , V Zabalza , F. Zandanel , R. Zanin

Time variability of the photon flux is a known feature of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and in particular of blazars. The high frequency peaked BL Lac (HBL) object PKS 2155-304 is one of the brightest sources in the TeV band and has been…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2019-08-14 Jill Chevalier , Max Anton Kastendieck , Frank Rieger , Gilles Maurin , Jean-Philippe Lenain , Giovanni Lamanna

Results of a long-term spectral monitoring of the active galactic nucleus of NGC 4151 are presented (11 years, from 1996 to 2006). High quality spectra (S/N>50 in the continuum near Halpha and Hbeta) were obtained in the spectral range…

During 1997, the BL Lac Object Mkn 501 was the brightest known object in the TeV gamma-ray sky. The emission was characterized by dramatic variations in intensity with a mean flux exceeding by a factor of three the steady gamma-ray flux of…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 F. Aharonian
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