相关论文: On the applicability of $\kappa$-distributions
For various plasma applications the so-called (non-relativistic) $\kappa$-distribution is widely used to reproduce and interpret the suprathermal particle populations exhibiting a power-law distribution in velocity or energy. Despite its…
Most astrophysical plasmas are observed to have velocity distribution functions exhibiting non-Maxwellian suprathermal tails. The high energy particle populations are accurately represented by the family of kappa-distributions where the use…
Kappa-distributed velocities in plasmas are common in a wide variety of settings, from low-density to high-density plasmas. To date, they have been found mainly in space plasmas, but are recently being considered also in the modelling of…
From the perspective of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, modeling the velocity distribution of particles in non-equilibrium, steady-state plasmas presents a significant challenge. Under this context, a family of kappa distributions…
The generally accepted representation of $\kappa$-distributions in space plasma physics allows for two different alternatives, namely assuming either the temperature or the thermal velocity to be $\kappa$-independent. The present paper aims…
For collisionless (or collision-poor) plasma populations which are well described by the $\kappa$-distribution functions (also known as the Kappa or Lorentzian power-laws) a macroscopic interpretation has remained largely questionable,…
In classical thermodynamics the entropy is an extensive quantity, i.e.\ the sum of the entropies of two subsystems in equilibrium with each other is equal to the entropy of the full system consisting of the two subsystems. The extensitivity…
The kappa distribution of velocities appears routinely in the study of collisionless plasmas present in Earth's magnetosphere, the solar wind among other contexts where particles are unable to reach thermal equilibrium. Originally justified…
The departure of particle distributions from the Maxwellian is commonly observed in space plasmas. These non-Maxwellian distributions which are typical for plasmas that are not in thermal equilibrium, can be modeled with…
This paper presents the misestimation of temperature when observations from a kappa distributed plasma are analyzed as a Maxwellian. One common method to calculate the space plasma parameters is by fitting the observed distributions using…
In the literature different so-called $\kappa$-distribution functions are discussed to fit and model the velocity (or energy) distributions of solar wind species, pickup ions or magnetospheric particles. Here we introduce a generalized…
Adopting a bottom-up perspective, we propose a novel two-parametric nonadditive entropy, $S_{\kappa\ell}$, associated with a Kappa-type power-law velocity distribution, $F_{\kappa\ell}(v)$, recently derived in the literature. By formulating…
The special relativistic generalization of isotropic regularized kappa distributions is derived and compared to that of the original Olbertian (or standard) kappa distributions. It is demonstrated that for the latter the kappa parameter is…
Particle velocity distribution functions (VDF) in space plasmas often show non Maxwellian suprathermal tails decreasing as a power law of the velocity. Such distributions are well fitted by the so-called Kappa distribution. The presence of…
In this work we define the plasma dispersion function for a suprathermal plasma described with a regularized kappa distribution. As is known from Maxwellian as well as (standard) kappa plasmas, the respective Fried-Conte and the modified…
Numerical procedures for generating non-Maxwellian velocity distributions in particle simulations are presented. First, Monte Carlo methods for an $(r,q)$ distribution that generalizes flattop and kappa distributions are discussed. Then,…
We demonstrate that a nonthermal distribution of particles described by a kappa distribution can be accurately approximated by a weighted sum of Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions. We apply this method to modeling collision processes in…
Kappa distributions are widely used in space plasma physics to model velocity distribution functions with heavy tails. Parameter estimation in these distributions is, however, complicated by the fact that the kappa distribution does not…
Thermal Doppler broadening of spectral profiles for particle populations in the absence or presence of potential fields are described by kappa distributions. The kappa distribution provides a replacement for the Maxwell-Boltzmann…
The recently developed concept of "entropic defect" is important for understanding the foundations of thermodynamics in space plasma physics, and more generally, for systems with physical correlations among their particles. Using this…