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We introduce Codex, a GPT language model fine-tuned on publicly available code from GitHub, and study its Python code-writing capabilities. A distinct production version of Codex powers GitHub Copilot. On HumanEval, a new evaluation set we…

Modern Python projects execute computational functions using native libraries and give Python interfaces to boost execution speed; hence, testing these libraries becomes critical to the project's robustness. One challenge is that existing…

In software engineering, different approaches and machine learning models leverage different types of data: source code, textual information, historical data. An important part of any project is its dependencies. The list of dependencies is…

The fork-based development mechanism provides the flexibility and the unified processes for software teams to collaborate easily in a distributed setting without too much coordination overhead.Currently, multiple social coding platforms…

Python's native serialization protocol, pickle, is a powerful but insecure format for transferring untrusted data. It is frequently used, especially for saving machine learning models, despite known security challenges. While developers…

On the worldwide web, not only are webpages connected but source code is too. Software development is becoming more accessible to everyone and the licensing for software remains complicated. We need to know if software licenses are being…

Context: Software developers often ask questions on Technical Q&A forums like Stack Overflow (SO) to seek solutions to their programming-related problems (e.g., errors and unexpected behavior of code). Problem: Many questions miss required…

Developer contribution guidelines are used in social coding sites like GitHub to explain and shape the process a project expects contributors to follow. They set standards for all participants and "save time and hassle caused by improperly…

Scaling up executable code data is significant for improving language models' software engineering capability. The intricate nature of the process makes it labor-intensive, time-consuming and expert-knowledge-dependent to build a large…

Software repositories accumulate large amounts of unstructured knowledge in commit messages, pull-request discussions, and issue threads, but developers and AI coding assistants rarely reuse this history effectively. Recent work on…

Automated documentation of programming source code and automated code generation from natural language are challenging tasks of both practical and scientific interest. Progress in these areas has been limited by the low availability of…

Software developers share programming solutions in Q&A sites like Stack Overflow. The reuse of crowd-sourced code snippets can facilitate rapid prototyping. However, recent research shows that the shared code snippets may be of low quality…

Stack Overflow has been heavily used by software developers as a popular way to seek programming-related information from peers via the internet. The Stack Overflow community recommends users to provide the related code snippet when they…

Stack Overflow (SO) is the most popular question-and-answer website for software developers, providing a large amount of copyable code snippets. Using those snippets raises maintenance and legal issues. SO's license (CC BY-SA 3.0) requires…

Open source software development, particularly within institutions such as universities and research laboratories, is often decentralized and difficult to track. Although academic teams produce many impactful scientific tools, their…

GitHub is the most widely used social, distributed version control system. It has around 10 million registered users and hosts over 16 million public repositories. Its user base is also very active as GitHub ranks in the top 100 Alexa most…

Platforms such as GitHub and GitLab introduce Issue Report Templates (IRTs) to enable more effective issue management and better alignment with developer expectations. However, these templates are not widely adopted in most repositories,…

Python's dynamic typing mechanism, while promoting flexibility, is a significant source of runtime type errors that plague large-scale software, which inspires the automatic type inference techniques. Existing type inference tools have…

We introduce `Goxpyriment', a new open-source software framework for programming behavioral and cognitive experiments using the Go programming language. The library is designed to address some limitations of existing Python-based experiment…

Python has become a popular programming language because of its excellent programmability. Many modern software packages utilize Python for high-level algorithm design and depend on native libraries written in C/C++/Fortran for efficient…