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The problem of on-line off-policy evaluation (OPE) has been actively studied in the last decade due to its importance both as a stand-alone problem and as a module in a policy improvement scheme. However, most Temporal Difference (TD) based…

This article is about an image transform called 3D-DCT, or three-dimensional discrete cosine transform. This is an extension of the well-known 1D and 2D-DCT, which is extensively used, mostly in multimedia coding. A modification of 1D-DCT…

Generating Chain-of-Thought (CoT) before deriving the answer can effectively improve the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and significantly improve the accuracy of the generated answer. However, in most cases, the…

In this paper, we consider subaperture-based approaches for the digital aberration correction (DAC) of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. In particular, we introduce a mathematical framework for describing this class of approaches,…

Online discussions frequently involve conspiracy theories, which can contribute to the proliferation of belief in them. However, not all discussions surrounding conspiracy theories promote them, as some are intended to debunk them. Existing…

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) is an efficient prompting method that enables the reasoning ability of large language models by augmenting the query using multiple examples with multiple intermediate steps. Despite the empirical success, the…

Software engineering practices such as constructing requirements and establishing traceability help ensure systems are safe, reliable, and maintainable. However, they can be resource-intensive and are frequently underutilized. To alleviate…

Inspecting Chain-of-Thought reasoning is among the most common means of understanding why an LLM produced its output. But well-known problems with CoT faithfulness severely limit what insights can be gained from this practice. In this…

Open-World Object Detection (OWOD) enriches traditional object detectors by enabling continual discovery and integration of unknown objects via human guidance. However, existing OWOD approaches frequently suffer from semantic confusion…

Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) has gained increasing attention due to its academic and commercial potential. Although different approaches have been proposed to tackle this problem, it still remains challenging due to factors like abrupt…

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples plays a key role in open-world and safety-critical applications such as autonomous systems and healthcare. Recently, self-supervised representation learning techniques (via contrastive learning…

In real-world applications, machine learning models often become obsolete due to shifts in the joint distribution arising from underlying temporal trends, a phenomenon known as the "concept drift". Existing works propose model-specific…

Data transformation (DT) is a process that transfers the original data into a form which supports a particular classification algorithm and helps to analyze the data for a special purpose. To improve the prediction performance we…

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying reliable machine learning models in open-world applications. Recent advances in CLIP-based OOD detection have shown promising results via regularizing prompt tuning with OOD…

Optimal transport (OT) has become exceedingly popular in machine learning, data science, and computer vision. The core assumption in the OT problem is the equal total amount of mass in source and target measures, which limits its…

Current research on human activity recognition (HAR) mainly assumes that training and testing data are drawn from the same distribution to achieve a generalised model, which means all the data are considered to be independent and…

Compared with real-time multi-object tracking (MOT), offline multi-object tracking (OMOT) has the advantages to perform 2D-3D detection fusion, erroneous link correction, and full track optimization but has to deal with the challenges from…

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) continues to face accuracy challenges that impact subsequent applications. To address these errors, we explore the utility of OCR confidence scores for enhancing post-OCR error detection. Our study…

This paper improves the treatment of equality in guarded dependent type theory (GDTT), by combining it with cubical type theory (CTT). GDTT is an extensional type theory with guarded recursive types, which are useful for building models of…

Surgery is the only viable treatment for cataract patients with visual acuity (VA) impairment. Clinically, to assess the necessity of cataract surgery, accurately predicting postoperative VA before surgery by analyzing multi-view optical…