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The Columbia Stellarator eXperiment (CSX), currently being designed at Columbia University, aims to test theoretical predictions related to QA plasma behavior, and to pioneer the construction of an optimized stellarator using…
We report the systematic detection of magnetic fields in massive (M > 5 M$_\odot$) late-type supergiants, using spectropolarimetric observations obtained with ESPaDOnS at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. Our observations reveal…
Measuring time delays between the multiple images of gravitationally lensed quasars is now recognized as a competitive way to constrain the cosmological parameters, and it is complementary with other cosmological probes. This requires long…
A Higgs portal in the form of the operator $|H|^2$ provides a minimal and theoretically motivated link between the Standard Model (SM) and new physics. While Higgs portals can be constrained well by exotic Higgs decays if the beyond-the-SM…
Next generation galaxy surveys demand the development of massive ensembles of galaxy mocks to model the observables and their covariances, what is computationally prohibitive using $N$-body simulations. COLA is a novel method designed to…
Momentum Iterative Hessian Sketch (M-IHS) techniques, a group of solvers for large scale regularized linear Least Squares (LS) problems, are proposed and analyzed in detail. Proposed M-IHS techniques are obtained by incorporating the Heavy…
We propose a computational scheme to evaluate Hamaker constants, $A$, of molecules with practical sizes and anisotropies. Upon the increasing feasibility of diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) methods to evaluate binding curves for such molecules…
Upcoming imaging surveys will use weak gravitational lensing to study the large-scale structure of the Universe, demanding sub-percent accuracy for precise cosmic shear measurements. We present a new differentiable implementation of our…
Fabrication process variations are a major source of yield degradation in the nano-scale design of integrated circuits (IC), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and photonic circuits. Stochastic spectral methods are a promising technique…
A direct construction of equilibrium magnetic fields with toroidal topology at arbitrary order in the distance from the magnetic axis is carried out, yielding an analytical framework able to explore the landscape of possible magnetic flux…
This article is concerned with a new filtered two-step variational integrator for solving the charged-particle dynamics in a mildly non-uniform moderate or strong magnetic field with a dimensionless parameter $\varepsilon$ inversely…
We introduce a new Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm with parallel tempering for fitting theoretical models of horizon-scale images of black holes to the interferometric data from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). The algorithm…
Implicit particle filtering is a sequential Monte Carlo method for data assim- ilation, designed to keep the number of particles manageable by focussing attention on regions of large probability. These regions are found by min- imizing, for…
Detection of the tensor perturbations predicted in inflationary models is important for testing inflation as well as for reconstructing the inflationary potential. We show that because of cosmic variance the tensor contribution to the…
A calibration method aimed for the differential nonlinearity (DNL) error of the Low Energy X-ray Instrument (LE) onboard the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) is presented, which is independent with electronic systems used as testing…
Some of the most problematic issues that limit the implementation of applications on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) machines are the adverse impacts of both incoherent and coherent errors. We conducted an in-depth study of coherent…
High precision differential astrometry assesses the positions, distances, and motions of celestial objects in relation to the stars. The focal plane of such space telescope must be calibrated with a precision down to the level of 1e-5 pixel…
M-type stars exhibit strong magnetic fields towards decreasing effective temperatures. The measurement of these fields is complicated due to missing indicators. Molecular FeH lines provide an excellent means to determine magnetic field…
One of the major discoveries of asteroseismology is the signature of a strong extraction of angular momentum (AM) in the radiative zones of stars across the entire Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, resulting in weak core-to-surface rotation…
Estimating large covariance matrices has been a longstanding important problem in many applications and has attracted increased attention over several decades. This paper deals with two methods based on pre-existing works to impose sparsity…