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T-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) is a widely used data visualisation technique. It differs from its predecessor SNE by the low-dimensional similarity kernel: the Gaussian kernel was replaced by the heavy-tailed Cauchy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-07-20 Dmitry Kobak , George Linderman , Stefan Steinerberger , Yuval Kluger , Philipp Berens

The t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) is a powerful and popular method for visualizing high-dimensional data. It minimizes the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between the original and embedded data distributions. In this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-11-06 Daniel Jiwoong Im , Nakul Verma , Kristin Branson

Stochastic neighbor embedding (SNE) methods $t$-SNE, UMAP are two most popular dimensionality reduction methods for data visualization. Contrastive learning, especially self-supervised contrastive learning (SSCL), has showed great success…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-18 Yi Zhang

With the development of artificial intelligence algorithms like deep learning models and the successful applications in many different fields, further similar trails of deep learning technology have been made in cyber security area. It…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-10-18 Shuqiang Lu , Lingyun Ying , Wenjie Lin , Yu Wang , Meining Nie , Kaiwen Shen , Lu Liu , Haixin Duan

Malware detection and classification into families are critical tasks in cybersecurity, complicated by the continual evolution of malware to evade detection. This evolution introduces concept drift, in which the statistical properties of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Olha Jurečková , Martin Jureček

Dynamic malware analysis executes the program in an isolated environment and monitors its run-time behaviour (e.g. system API calls) for malware detection. This technique has been proven to be effective against various code obfuscation…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-01-27 Zhaoqi Zhang , Panpan Qi , Wei Wang

With the increasingly rapid development of new malicious computer software by bad faith actors, both commercial and research-oriented antivirus detectors have come to make greater use of machine learning tactics to identify such malware as…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-12-07 Hamish Spencer , Wei Wang , Ruoxi Sun , Minhui Xue

The behavior of malware threats is gradually increasing, heightened the need for malware detection. However, existing malware detection methods only target at the existing malicious samples, the detection of fresh malicious code and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-10-27 Zhao Yang , Fengyang Deng , Linxi Han

The widespread usage of Microsoft Windows has unfortunately led to a surge in malware, posing a serious threat to the security and privacy of millions of users. In response, the research community has mobilized, with numerous efforts…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-13 Fangtian Zhong , Qin Hu , Yili Jiang , Jiaqi Huang , Xiuzhen Cheng

The Virus-MNIST data set is a collection of thumbnail images that is similar in style to the ubiquitous MNIST hand-written digits. These, however, are cast by reshaping possible malware code into an image array. Naturally, it is poised to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-04 Erik Larsen , Korey MacVittie , John Lilly

Digital systems find it challenging to keep up with cybersecurity threats. The daily emergence of more than 560,000 new malware strains poses significant hazards to the digital ecosystem. The traditional malware detection methods fail to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-28 Abrar Fahim , Shamik Dey , Md. Nurul Absur , Md Kamrul Siam , Md. Tahmidul Huque , Jafreen Jafor Godhuli

We study the challenging task of malware recognition on both known and novel unknown malware families, called malware open-set recognition (MOSR). Previous works usually assume the malware families are known to the classifier in a close-set…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-05-03 Jingcai Guo , Song Guo , Shiheng Ma , Yuxia Sun , Yuanyuan Xu

Malware family classification aims to identify the specific family (e.g., GuLoader or BitRAT) a malware sample may belong to, in contrast to malware detection or sample classification, which only predicts a Yes/No outcome. Accurate family…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Yufan Chen , Daoyuan Wu , Juantao Zhong , Zicheng Zhang , Debin Gao , Shuai Wang , Yingjiu Li , Ning Liu , Jiachi Chen , Rocky K. C. Chang

When investigating a malicious file, searching for related files is a common task that malware analysts must perform. Given that production malware corpora may contain over a billion files and consume petabytes of storage, many feature…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-06-13 Robert J. Joyce , Tirth Patel , Charles Nicholas , Edward Raff

T-SNE is a well-known approach to embedding high-dimensional data and has been widely used in data visualization. The basic assumption of t-SNE is that the data are non-constrained in the Euclidean space and the local proximity can be…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2015-08-06 Mian Wang , Dong Wang

Different unsupervised models for dimensionality reduction like PCA, LLE, Shannon's mapping, tSNE, UMAP, etc. work on different principles, hence, they are difficult to compare on the same ground. Although they are usually good for…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-05-10 Subhrajyoty Roy

A large amount of new malware is constantly being generated, which must not only be distinguished from benign samples, but also classified into malware families. For this purpose, investigating how existing malware families are developed…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-08-04 Olha Jurečková , Martin Jureček , Mark Stamp , Fabio Di Troia , Róbert Lórencz

The proliferation of malwares have been attributed to the alternations of a handful of original malware source codes. The malwares alternated from the same origin share some intrinsic behaviors and form a malware family. Expediently,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2017-05-05 Shun-Wen Hsiao , Yeali S. Sun , Meng Chang Chen

The vast majority of today's mobile malware targets Android devices. This has pushed the research effort in Android malware analysis in the last years. An important task of malware analysis is the classification of malware samples into…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2017-09-05 Luca Massarelli , Leonardo Aniello , Claudio Ciccotelli , Leonardo Querzoni , Daniele Ucci , Roberto Baldoni

Today anti-malware community is facing challenges due to the ever-increasing sophistication and volume of malware attacks developed by adversaries. Traditional malware detection mechanisms are not able to cope-up with next-generation…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-03-02 Hemant Rathore , Sanjay K. Sahay , Shivin Thukral , Mohit Sewak
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