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This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the existing blockchain protocols for the Internet of Things (IoT) networks. We start by describing the blockchains and summarizing the existing surveys that deal with blockchain technologies.…

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology will soon become an integral part of our daily lives to facilitate the control and monitoring of processes and objects and revolutionize the ways that human interacts with the physical world. For all…

Fog computing is an architecture that is used to distribute resources such as computing, storage, and memory closer to end-user to improve applications and service deployment. The idea behind fog computing is to improve cloud computing and…

The fast increment in the number of IoT (Internet of Things) devices is accelerating the research on new solutions to make cloud services scalable. In this context, the novel concept of fog computing as well as the combined fog-to-cloud…

Fog or Edge computing has recently attracted broad attention from both industry and academia. It is deemed as a paradigm shift from the current centralized cloud computing model and could potentially bring a "Fog-IoT" architecture that…

Due to the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT), a massive number of devices are connected to the Internet. For these distributed devices in IoT networks, how to ensure their security and privacy becomes a significant challenge.…

Internet-of-things (IoT) is perpetually revolutionizing our daily life and rapidly transforming physical objects into an ubiquitous connected ecosystem. Due to their massive deployment and moderate security levels, those devices face a lot…

Fog computing, as a distributed paradigm, offers cloud-like services at the edge of the network with low latency and high-access bandwidth to support a diverse range of IoT application scenarios. To fully utilize the potential of this…

The convergence of blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT) enables secure, decentralised, and verifiable data exchange across distributed smart environments. However, traditional blockchain frameworks suffer from inherent scalability…

In the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), massive computing devices surrounding us operate and interact with each other to provide several significant services in industries, medical as well as in daily life activities at home, office,…

The evolution of the utilization of technologies in nearly all aspects of life has produced an enormous amount of data essential in a smart city. Therefore, maximizing the benefits of technologies such as cloud computing, fog computing, and…

With the Internet of Things (IoT) becoming a major component of our daily life, understanding how to improve the quality of service (QoS) for IoT applications through fog computing is becoming an important problem. In this paper, we…

Blockchain (BC) in the Internet of Things (IoT) is a novel technology that acts with decentralized, distributed, public and real-time ledger to store transactions among IoT nodes. A blockchain is a series of blocks, each block is linked to…

The Internet of Things (IoT) networks are expected to involve myriad of devices, ranging from simple sensors to powerful single board computers and smart phones. The great advancement in computational power of embedded technologies have…

The Internet of Things (IoT) is regarded as an improved communication system that has revolutionized traditional lifestyles. To function successfully, IoT requires a combination of cloud, fog, and edge computing architectures. Few studies…

The Internet of Things (IoT) aims to connect everyday physical objects to the internet. These objects will produce a significant amount of data. The traditional cloud computing architecture aims to process data in the cloud. As a result, a…

Internet of Things (IoT) is reshaping the incumbent industry to smart industry featured with data-driven decision-making. However, intrinsic features of IoT result in a number of challenges such as decentralization, poor interoperability,…

There continues to be a recent push to taking the cryptocurrency based ledger system known as Blockchain and applying its techniques to non-financial applications. One of the main areas for application remains Internet of Things (IoT) as we…

As an important technology to ensure data security, consistency, traceability, etc., blockchain has been increasingly used in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The integration of blockchain and edge computing can further improve the…

The increased use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices -- from basic sensors to robust embedded computers -- has boosted the demand for information processing and storing solutions closer to these devices. Edge computing has been established…