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Outdated software remains a potent and underappreciated menace in 2025's cybersecurity environment, exposing systems to a broad array of threats, including ransomware, data breaches, and operational outages that can have devastating and…
The increasing importance of data in the healthcare sector has led to a rise in cybercrime targeting patient information. Data breaches pose significant financial and reputational risks to many healthcare organizations including clinics and…
In an ever more connected world, awareness has grown towards the hazards and vulnerabilities that the networking on sensitive digitized information pose for all parties involved. This vulnerability rests in a number of factors, both human…
The lack of high-quality public cyber incident data limits empirical research and predictive modeling for cyber risk assessment. This challenge persists due to the reluctance of companies to disclose incidents that could damage their…
Providing security to Health Information is considered to be the topmost priority when compared to any other field. After the digitalization of the patient's records in the medical field, the healthcare/medical field has become a victim of…
Digital infrastructures are seeing convergence and connectivity at unprecedented scale. This is true for both current critical national infrastructures and emerging future systems that are highly cyber-physical in nature with complex…
Every time the customer (individual or company) has to release personal information to its service provider (e.g., an online store or a cloud computing provider), it faces a trade-off between the benefits gained (enhanced or cheaper…
This chapter will first present a principal-agent game-theoretic model to capture the interactions between one insurer and one user. The insurer is deemed as the principal who does not have incomplete information about user's security…
Facing the lack of cyber insurance loss data, we propose an innovative approach for pricing cyber insurance for a large-scale network based on synthetic data. The synthetic data is generated by the proposed risk spreading and recovering…
The rapid digitalization of banking services has significantly transformed financial transactions, offering enhanced convenience and efficiency for consumers. However, the increasing reliance on digital banking has also exposed financial…
When pieces from an individual's personal information available online are connected over time and across multiple platforms, this more complete digital trace can give unintended insights into their life and opinions. In a data narrative…
A major cyber security incident can represent a cyber crisis for an organisation, in particular because of the associated risk of substantial reputational damage. As the likelihood of falling victim to a cyberattack has increased over time,…
Cybersecurity risk is commonly expressed through impact and likelihood, yet likelihood remains difficult to estimate because cyber incidents are underreported, heterogeneous datasets are weakly comparable, and attacker behaviour changes…
The ever increasing number of cyber attacks requires the cyber security and forensic specialists to detect, analyze and defend against the cyber threats in almost realtime. In practice, timely dealing with such a large number of attacks is…
With the growing digital transformation of the worldwide economy, cyber risk has become a major issue. As 1 % of the world's GDP (around $1,000 billion) is allegedly lost to cybercrime every year, IT systems continue to get increasingly…
Cyber attacks in the maritime sector can have a major impact on world economy. However, the severity of this threat can be underestimated because many attacks remain unknown or unnoticed. We present an overview about publicly known cyber…
Advanced AI systems offer substantial benefits but also introduce risks. In 2025, AI-enabled cyber offense has emerged as a concrete example. This technical report applies a quantitative risk modeling methodology (described in full in a…
The exchange of personal information in digital environments poses significant risks, including identity theft, privacy breaches, and data misuse. Addressing these challenges requires a deep understanding of user behavior and mental models…
In this work, we present and analyze reported failures of artificially intelligent systems and extrapolate our analysis to future AIs. We suggest that both the frequency and the seriousness of future AI failures will steadily increase. AI…
Breaking cybersecurity events are shared across a range of websites, including security blogs (FireEye, Kaspersky, etc.), in addition to social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. In this paper, we investigate methods to analyze…