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Given image labels as the only supervisory signal, we focus on harvesting, or mining, thoracic disease localizations from chest X-ray images. Harvesting such localizations from existing datasets allows for the creation of improved data…

In recent years, large-scale adoption of cloud storage solutions has revolutionized the way we think about digital data storage. However, the exponential increase in data volume, especially images, has raised environmental concerns…

Chest X-ray radiography (CXR) is an essential medical imaging technique for disease diagnosis. However, as 2D projectional images, CXRs are limited by structural superposition and hence fail to capture 3D anatomies. This limitation makes…

Deep learning (DL) techniques have been extensively utilized for medical image classification. Most DL-based classification networks are generally structured hierarchically and optimized through the minimization of a single loss function…

Deep learning-based automated diagnosis of lung cancer has emerged as a crucial advancement that enables healthcare professionals to detect and initiate treatment earlier. However, these models require extensive training datasets with…

Adversarial attacks involve adding, small, often imperceptible, perturbations to inputs with the goal of getting a machine learning model to misclassifying them. While many different adversarial attack strategies have been proposed on image…

One of the most challenges in medical imaging is the lack of data. It is proven that classical data augmentation methods are useful but still limited due to the huge variation in images. Using generative adversarial networks (GAN) is a…

Compressed sensing (CS) leverages the sparsity prior to provide the foundation for fast magnetic resonance imaging (fastMRI). However, iterative solvers for ill-posed problems hinder their adaption to time-critical applications. Moreover,…

Radiology report generation aims at generating descriptive text from radiology images automatically, which may present an opportunity to improve radiology reporting and interpretation. A typical setting consists of training encoder-decoder…

Computer-Aided-Diagnosis (CADx) systems assist radiologists with identifying and classifying potentially malignant pulmonary nodules on chest CT scans using morphology and texture-based (radiomic) features. However, radiomic features are…

Synchrotron-based X-ray computed tomography is widely used for investigating inner structures of specimens at high spatial resolutions. However, potential beam damage to samples often limits the X-ray exposure during tomography experiments.…

Recent work demonstrates that images from various chest X-ray datasets contain visual features that are strongly correlated with protected demographic attributes like race and gender. This finding raises issues of fairness, since some of…

Recent work has shown that learned image compression strategies can outperform standard hand-crafted compression algorithms that have been developed over decades of intensive research on the rate-distortion trade-off. With growing…

We present a novel method for cell segmentation in microscopy images which is inspired by the Generative Adversarial Neural Network (GAN) approach. Our framework is built on a pair of two competitive artificial neural networks, with a…

Deep anomaly detection models using a supervised mode of learning usually work under a closed set assumption and suffer from overfitting to previously seen rare anomalies at training, which hinders their applicability in a real scenario. In…

We describe a method aiming at increasing the dynamic range of X-ray detectors. Two X-ray exposures of an object are acquired at different dose levels and constitute the only input data. The values of the parameters which are needed to…

Radiography is widely used in orthopedics for its affordability and low radiation exposure. 3D reconstruction from a single radiograph, so-called 2D-3D reconstruction, offers the possibility of various clinical applications, but achieving…

Generative adversarial networks have gained a lot of attention in the computer vision community due to their capability of data generation without explicitly modelling the probability density function. The adversarial loss brought by the…

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful medical imaging modality, but unfortunately suffers from long scan times which, aside from increasing operational costs, can lead to image artifacts due to patient motion. Motion during the…

Model compression techniques reduce the computational load and memory consumption of deep neural networks. After the compression operation, e.g. parameter pruning, the model is normally fine-tuned on the original training dataset to recover…