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Conventional wisdom states that deep linear neural networks benefit from expressiveness and optimization advantages over a single linear layer. This paper suggests that, in practice, the training process of deep linear fully-connected…

Nonlinear methods such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are the gold standard for various challenging machine learning problems, e.g., image classification, natural language processing or human action recognition. Although these methods…

In the context of classification problems, Deep Learning (DL) approaches represent state of art. Many DL approaches are based on variations of standard multi-layer feed-forward neural networks. These are also referred to as deep networks.…

Recently, the deep neural network (derived from the artificial neural network) has attracted many researchers' attention by its outstanding performance. However, since this network requires high-performance GPUs and large storage, it is…

As an optical processor, a Diffractive Deep Neural Network (D2NN) utilizes engineered diffractive surfaces designed through machine learning to perform all-optical information processing, completing its tasks at the speed of light…

We report deep learning-based design of a massively parallel broadband diffractive neural network for all-optically performing a large group of arbitrarily-selected, complex-valued linear transformations between an input and output…

The majority of computer vision algorithms fail to find higher-order (abstract) patterns in an image so are not robust against adversarial attacks, unlike human lateralized vision. Deep learning considers each input pixel in a homogeneous…

We report a broadband diffractive optical neural network design that simultaneously processes a continuum of wavelengths generated by a temporally-incoherent broadband source to all-optically perform a specific task learned using deep…

We show how fitting sparse linear models over learned deep feature representations can lead to more debuggable neural networks. These networks remain highly accurate while also being more amenable to human interpretation, as we demonstrate…

Permutation matrices form an important computational building block frequently used in various fields including e.g., communications, information security and data processing. Optical implementation of permutation operators with relatively…

Diffractive optical networks unify wave optics and deep learning to all-optically compute a given machine learning or computational imaging task as the light propagates from the input to the output plane. Here, we report the design of…

Optical approaches have made great strides towards the goal of high-speed, energy-efficient computing necessary for modern deep learning and AI applications. Read-in and read-out of data, however, limit the overall performance of existing…

Diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) have been emerging as a high-throughput and energy-efficient hardware platform to perform all-optical machine learning (ML) in machine vision systems. However, the current demonstrated…

In comparison to classical shallow representation learning techniques, deep neural networks have achieved superior performance in nearly every application benchmark. But despite their clear empirical advantages, it is still not well…

Diffractive Neural Networks (DNNs) leverage the power of light to enhance computational performance in machine learning, offering a pathway to high-speed, low-energy, and large-scale neural information processing. However, most existing DNN…

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable breakthroughs by leveraging multiple layers of data processing to extract hidden representations, albeit at the cost of large electronic computing power. To enhance energy efficiency and speed,…

Diffractive deep neural networks have been introduced earlier as an optical machine learning framework that uses task-specific diffractive surfaces designed by deep learning to all-optically perform inference, achieving promising…

We define the notion of a continuously differentiable perfect learning algorithm for multilayer neural network architectures and show that such algorithms don't exist provided that the length of the data set exceeds the number of involved…

Despite the tremendous successes of deep neural networks (DNNs) in various applications, many fundamental aspects of deep learning remain incompletely understood, including DNN trainability. In a trainability study, one aims to discern what…

We report the design of diffractive surfaces to all-optically perform arbitrary complex-valued linear transformations between an input (N_i) and output (N_o), where N_i and N_o represent the number of pixels at the input and output…