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Robot decision-making in partially observable, real-time, dynamic, and multi-agent environments remains a difficult and unsolved challenge. Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach to learning decision-making in such…

Going from research to production, especially for large and complex software systems, is fundamentally a hard problem. In large-scale game production, one of the main reasons is that the development environment can be very different from…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-07-24 Jonas Gillberg , Joakim Bergdahl , Alessandro Sestini , Andrew Eakins , Linus Gisslen

Progress on training and architecture strategies has enabled LLMs with millions of tokens in context length. However, empirical evidence suggests that such long-context LLMs can consume far more text than they can reliably use. On the other…

Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a compelling data-driven paradigm for synthesizing controllers for complex systems when accurate physical models are unavailable; however, most existing control-oriented RL methods assume stationarity and,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Austin Coursey , Abel Diaz-Gonzalez , Marcos Quinones-Grueiro , Gautam Biswas

Autonomous agents operating in domains such as robotics or video game simulations must adapt to changing tasks without forgetting about the previous ones. This process called Continual Reinforcement Learning poses non-trivial difficulties,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Anthony Kobanda , Odalric-Ambrym Maillard , Rémy Portelas

Reinforcement learning (RL) depends critically on the choice of reward functions used to capture the de- sired behavior and constraints of a robot. Usually, these are handcrafted by a expert designer and represent heuristics for relatively…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2017-03-03 Xiao Li , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Calin Belta

While safe reinforcement learning (RL) holds great promise for many practical applications like robotics or autonomous cars, current approaches require specifying constraints in mathematical form. Such specifications demand domain…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-08-05 Tsung-Yen Yang , Michael Hu , Yinlam Chow , Peter J. Ramadge , Karthik Narasimhan

Deep reinforcement learning has shown promise in discrete domains requiring complex reasoning, including games such as Chess, Go, and Hanabi. However, this type of reasoning is less often observed in long-horizon, continuous domains with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-07 Andrew C. Li , Pashootan Vaezipoor , Rodrigo Toro Icarte , Sheila A. McIlraith

Evaluation of deep reinforcement learning (RL) is inherently challenging. In particular, learned policies are largely opaque, and hypotheses about the behavior of deep RL agents are difficult to test in black-box environments. Considerable…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-05-09 Emma Tosch , Kaleigh Clary , John Foley , David Jensen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved some impressive recent successes in various computer games and simulations. Most of these successes are based on having large numbers of episodes from which the agent can learn. In typical robotic…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2024-01-05 Jonas Tebbe , Lukas Krauch , Yapeng Gao , Andreas Zell

Reinforcement learning (RL) is playing an increasingly important role in fields such as robotic control and autonomous driving. However, the gap between simulation and the real environment remains a major obstacle to the practical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Zhilin Lin , Shiliang Sun

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by optimizing them against factual outcomes. However, this paradigm falters in long-context…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Guanzheng Chen , Michael Qizhe Shieh , Lidong Bing

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown impressive success in exploring high-dimensional environments to learn complex tasks, but can often exhibit unsafe behaviors and require extensive environment interaction when exploration is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-22 Albert Wilcox , Ashwin Balakrishna , Brijen Thananjeyan , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ken Goldberg

When Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are deployed in practice, they might impact their environment and change its dynamics. We propose a new framework to model this phenomenon, where the current environment depends on the deployed policy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-03 Ben Rank , Stelios Triantafyllou , Debmalya Mandal , Goran Radanovic

Reinforcement Learning (RL) benefits Large Language Models (LLMs) for complex reasoning. Inspired by this, we explore integrating spatio-temporal specific rewards into Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to address the unique…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Xinhao Li , Ziang Yan , Desen Meng , Lu Dong , Xiangyu Zeng , Yinan He , Yali Wang , Yu Qiao , Yi Wang , Limin Wang

Exploration in environments with sparse rewards has been a persistent problem in reinforcement learning (RL). Many tasks are natural to specify with a sparse reward, and manually shaping a reward function can result in suboptimal…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-02-27 Ashvin Nair , Bob McGrew , Marcin Andrychowicz , Wojciech Zaremba , Pieter Abbeel

Learning tabula rasa, that is without any prior knowledge, is the prevalent workflow in reinforcement learning (RL) research. However, RL systems, when applied to large-scale settings, rarely operate tabula rasa. Such large-scale systems…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-05 Rishabh Agarwal , Max Schwarzer , Pablo Samuel Castro , Aaron Courville , Marc G. Bellemare

Text-based games are a popular testbed for language-based reinforcement learning (RL). In previous work, deep Q-learning is commonly used as the learning agent. Q-learning algorithms are challenging to apply to complex real-world domains…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-28 Weichen Li , Rati Devidze , Sophie Fellenz

Reinforcement Learning (RL), bolstered by the expressive capabilities of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for function approximation, has demonstrated considerable success in numerous applications. However, its practicality in addressing various…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-26 Aditya Mohan , Amy Zhang , Marius Lindauer

Generally capable agents must learn from experience in ways that generalize across tasks and environments. The fundamental problems of learning, including credit assignment, overfitting, forgetting, local optima, and high-variance learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-06 Nikita Vassilyev , William Berrios , Ruowang Zhang , Bo Han , Douwe Kiela , Shikib Mehri