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Combinatorial games lead to several interesting, clean problems in algorithms and complexity theory, many of which remain open. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the area to encourage further research. In particular, we…

计算复杂性 · 计算机科学 2009-09-25 Erik D. Demaine , Robert A. Hearn

We develop a new approach that computes approximate equilibrium strategies in Jotto, a popular word game. Jotto is an extremely large two-player game of imperfect information; its game tree has many orders of magnitude more states than…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2016-03-15 Sam Ganzfried

Imitation learning has been widely applied to various autonomous systems thanks to recent development in interactive algorithms that address covariate shift and compounding errors induced by traditional approaches like behavior cloning.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-03 Xiatao Sun , Shuo Yang , Mingyan Zhou , Kunpeng Liu , Rahul Mangharam

In this paper, we investigate the existence of online learning algorithms with bandit feedback that simultaneously guarantee $O(1)$ regret compared to a given comparator strategy, and $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{T})$ regret compared to any fixed…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Adrian Müller , Jon Schneider , Stratis Skoulakis , Luca Viano , Volkan Cevher

The combination of deep learning and Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has shown to be effective in various domains, such as board and video games. AlphaGo represented a significant step forward in our ability to learn complex board games, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-04-29 Alexandre Borges , Arlindo Oliveira

Dynamic zero-sum games are an important class of problems with applications ranging from evasion-pursuit and heads-up poker to certain adversarial versions of control problems such as multi-armed bandit and multiclass queuing problems.…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2015-06-12 Martin Haugh , Chun Wang

Progress in many task domains emerges from repeated revisions to previous solution attempts. Training agents that can reliably self-improve over such sequences at inference-time is a natural target for reinforcement learning (RL), yet the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-24 Minqi Jiang , Andrei Lupu , Yoram Bachrach

Extensive-form games (EFGs) provide a powerful framework for modeling sequential decision making, capturing strategic interaction under imperfect information, chance events, and temporal structure. Most positive algorithmic and theoretical…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Rui Zheng , Ryann Sim , Antonios Varvitsiotis

Subgame solving is a technique for scaling algorithms to large games by locally refining a precomputed blueprint strategy during gameplay. While straightforward in perfect-information games where search starts from the current state,…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Ondrej Kubicek , Viliam Lisy , Tuomas Sandholm

Self-play, where the algorithm learns by playing against itself without requiring any direct supervision, has become the new weapon in modern Reinforcement Learning (RL) for achieving superhuman performance in practice. However, the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-07-10 Yu Bai , Chi Jin

Self-play via online learning is one of the premier ways to solve large-scale two-player zero-sum games, both in theory and practice. Particularly popular algorithms include optimistic multiplicative weights update (OMWU) and optimistic…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2025-01-22 Yang Cai , Gabriele Farina , Julien Grand-Clément , Christian Kroer , Chung-Wei Lee , Haipeng Luo , Weiqiang Zheng

Online eXp-concave Optimization (OXO) is a fundamental problem in online learning, where the goal is to minimize regret when loss functions are exponentially concave. The standard algorithm, Online Newton Step (ONS), guarantees an optimal…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Yi-Han Wang , Peng Zhao , Zhi-Hua Zhou

We formalize sequential decision-making with information acquisition as the probing-augmented user-centric selection (PUCS) framework, where a learner first probes a subset of arms to obtain side information on resources and rewards, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Tianyi Xu , Yiting Chen , Henger Li , Zheyong Bian , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Zizhan Zheng

Reinforcement Learning has received wide interest due to its success in competitive games. Yet, its adoption in everyday applications is limited (e.g. industrial, home, healthcare, etc.). In this paper, we address this limitation by…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2023-06-26 Ben-ya Halevy , Yehudit Aperstein , Dotan Di Castro

An almost-perfect chess playing agent has been a long standing challenge in the field of Artificial Intelligence. Some of the recent advances demonstrate we are approaching that goal. In this project, we provide methods for faster training…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2018-10-19 Sai Krishna G. V. , Kyle Goyette , Ahmad Chamseddine , Breandan Considine

High-quality information set abstraction remains a core challenge in solving large-scale imperfect-information extensive-form games (IIEFGs)--such as no-limit Texas Hold'em--where the finite nature of spatial resources hinders solving…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-10 Yanchang Fu , Shengda Liu , Pei Xu , Kaiqi Huang

Online learning algorithms that minimize regret provide strong guarantees in situations that involve repeatedly making decisions in an uncertain environment, e.g. a driver deciding what route to drive to work every day. While regret…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2013-09-06 Jeremiah Blocki , Nicolas Christin , Anupam Datta , Arunesh Sinha

Unlike perfect information games, where all elements are known to every player, imperfect information games emulate the real-world complexities of decision-making under uncertain or incomplete information. GPT-4, the recent breakthrough in…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-09-04 Jiaxian Guo , Bo Yang , Paul Yoo , Bill Yuchen Lin , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

We study online learning and equilibrium computation in games with polyhedral decision sets, a property shared by both normal-form games and extensive-form games (EFGs), when the learning agent is restricted to using a best-response oracle.…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2023-12-07 Darshan Chakrabarti , Gabriele Farina , Christian Kroer

Two-player games on graphs provide the theoretical frame- work for many important problems such as reactive synthesis. While the traditional study of two-player zero-sum games has been extended to multi-player games with several notions of…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2013-11-14 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Laurent Doyen , Emmanuel Filiot , Jean-François Raskin