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We give a classification of noncommutative algebraic monoid structures on normal affine varieties such that the group of invertible elements of the monoid is connected, solvable, and has a one-dimensional unipotent radical. We describe the…

We give solutions of a Diophantine equation containing factorials, which can be written as a cubic form, or as a sum of binomial coefficients. We also give some solutions to higher degree forms and relate some solutions to an unsolvable…

This is a survey on factorization theory. We discuss finitely generated monoids (including affine monoids), primary monoids (including numerical monoids), power sets with set addition, Krull monoids and their various generalizations, and…

In an additive factorial monoid each element can be represented as a linear combination of irreducible elements (atoms) with uniquely determined coefficients running over all natural numbers. In this paper we develop for a wide class of…

We identify a recursive structure among factorizations of polynomial values into two integer factors. Polynomials for which this recursive structure characterizes all non-trivial representations of integer factorizations of the polynomial…

We introduce the concept of isolated factorizations of an element of a commutative monoid and study its properties. We give several bounds for the number of isolated factorizations of simplicial affine semigroups and numerical semigroups.…

We study the structure of the commutative multiplicative monoid $\mathbb N_0[x]^*$ of all the non-zero polynomials in $\mathbb Z[x]$ with non-negative coefficients. We show that $\mathbb N_0[x]^*$ is not a half-factorial monoid and is not a…

Factoring ideals in integral domains is a central topic in multiplicative ideal theory. In the present paper we study monoids of ideals and consider factorizations of ideals into multiplicatively irreducible ideals. The focus is on the…

Arithmetical invariants---such as sets of lengths, catenary and tame degrees---describe the non-uniqueness of factorizations in atomic monoids. We study these arithmetical invariants by the monoid of relations and by presentations of the…

Let $R$ be a ring and let $(a_1,\dots,a_n)\in R^n$ be a unimodular vector, where $n\geq 2$ and each $a_i$ is in the center of $R$. Consider the linear equation $a_1X_1+\cdots+a_nX_n=0$, with solution set $S$. Then $S=S_1+\cdots+S_n$, where…

For two relatively prime positive integers $a, b\in \mathbb{N}$, it is known that exactly one of the two Diophantine equations $$ax + by \ =\ \frac{(a-1)(b-1)}{2}\ \mbox{ and }\ 1 + ax + by \ =\ \frac{(a-1)(b-1)}{2}$$ has a nonnegative…

We discuss the formal aspects of the factorial polynomials and of the associated series. We develop the theory using the formalism of quasi-monomials and prove the usefulness of the method for the solutions of nontrivial difference…

This paper addresses the factorization of polynomials of the form $F(x) = f_{0}(x) + f_{1}(x) x^{n} + \cdots + f_{r-1}(x) x^{(r-1)n} + f_{r}(x) x^{rn}$ where $r$ is a fixed positive integer and the $f_{j}(x)$ are fixed polynomials in…

A proportionally modular affine semigroup is the set of nonnegative integer solutions of a modular Diophantine inequality $f_1x_1+\cdots +f_nx_n \mod b \le g_1x_1+\cdots +g_nx_n$ where $g_1,\dots,g_n,$ $f_1,\ldots ,f_n\in \mathbb{Z}$ and…

Let $a, b\in \mathbb{N}$ be relatively prime. Previous work showed that exactly one of the two equations $ax + by = (a-1)(b-1)/2$ and $ax + by + 1 = (a-1)(b-1)/2$ has a nonnegative, integral solution; furthermore, the solution is unique.…

The additive monoid $R_+(x)$ is defined as the set of all nonnegative integer linear combinations of binomial coefficients $\binom{x}{n}$ for $n \in \mathbb Z_+$. This paper is concerned with the inquiry into the structure of $R_+(\alpha)$…

Let $\mathfrak{p}=(\mathfrak{p}_1,...,\mathfrak{p}_r)$ be a system of $r$ polynomials with integer coefficients of degree $d$ in $n$ variables $\mathbf{x}=(x_1,...,x_n)$. For a given $r$-tuple of integers, say $\mathbf{s}$, a general local…

Let $Q_1,...,Q_r\in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ be polynomials having $0$ as a root. Let $f(x,y)\in\mathbb{Z}[x,y]$ be a homogeneous polynomial with factorization $f(x,y)=f_1(x,y)^{e_1}\cdots f_u(x,y)^{e_u}$, where $f_i(x,y)$ are irreducible homogeneous…

Nonunique factorization in commutative monoids is often studied using factorization invariants, which assign to each monoid element a quantity determined by the factorization structure. For numerical monoids (co-finite, additive submonoids…

In this note, we look at the diophantine equation $$ \prod_{i=1}^ta_i!=\prod_{j=1}^sn_i!, \quad n_1\geq \cdots \geq n_s\geq 2 \quad \textnormal{and}\quad n_1>a_1\geq a_2\geq\cdots \geq a_t\geq2. $$ \noindent Let $s<t$. Under the (explicit)…