相关论文: Ludvig Lorenz (1867) on Light and Electricity

James Clerk Maxwell unknowingly discovered a correct relativistic, quantum theory for the light quantum, forty-three years before Einstein postulated the photon's existence. In this theory, the usual Maxwell field is the quantum wave…

After G. N. Lewis (1875-1946) proposed the term "photon" in 1926, many physicists adopted it as a more apt name for Einstein's light quantum. However, Lewis' photon was a concept of a very different kind, something few physicists knew or…

The formulation of a complete theory of classical electromagnetism by Maxwell is one of the milestones of science. The capacity of many-body systems to provide emergent mini-universes with vacua quite distinct from the one we inhabit was…

The Lorentz Transformation is derived from only three simple postulates: (i) a weak kinematical form of the Special Relativity Principle that requires the equivalence of reciprocal space-time measurements by two different inertial…

Despite the success of Maxwell's electromagnetism in the description of the electromagnetic interactions on small scales, we know very little about the behaviour of electromagnetic fields on cosmological distances. Thus, it has been…

In 1907, Einstein suggested an experiment with flying atoms for corroborating time dilation. In that paper, the flying atom was conceived as a flying clock: the reference to the Doppler effect was only indirect (the experiments by Stark to…

The Lorentz Transformation, which is considered as constitutive for the Special Relativity Theory, was invented by Voigt in 1887, adopted by Lorentz in 1904, and baptized by Poincar\'e in 1906. Einstein probably picked it up from Voigt…

No particle or signal carrying information can travel at a speed exceeding that of light in vacuum. Although this has for a long time been accepted as a law of nature, prior to Einstein's 1905 theory of special relativity the possibility of…

De Broglie's original idea that a photon is composed of a neutrino-antineutrino pair bound by some interaction was severely modified by Jordan. Although Jordan addressed an important problem (photon statistics) that de Broglie had not…

In 1936 Einstein predicted the phenomenon presently known as gravitational lensing (GL). A prime feature of GL is the magnification, because of the gravitational field, of the star visible surface as seen from a distant observer. We show…

The usual transformations (UT) of the 3-vectors E and B that are found by Lorentz, Poincar\'{e} and independently by Einstein in 1905. are generally considered to be the Lorentz transformations (LT) of E and B. According to the UT E in one…

On November 12, 1802, Thomas Young lays down in front of the Royal Society of London his Theory of Light and Colours. In this text, he defends a vibratory model or light, in which the peculiar attention he gives to the consequence of the…

We give a detailed description of electrodynamics as an emergent theory from condensed-matter-like structures, not only {\it per se} but also as a warm-up for the study of the much more complex case of gravity. We will concentrate on two…

It has been more than a century since first Lorentz and later Einstein explored relativistic events and still important consequences of that remains unclear to everybody. The present study extensively focus on Lorentz (Length) contraction…

In the first sections of this article, we discuss two variations on Maxwell's equations that have been introduced in earlier work--a class of nonlinear Maxwell theories with well-defined Galilean limits (and correspondingly generalized…

Lorenz equations were first presented in 1963 by Edward Lorenz, they depend on three real positive parameters. For some of these parameters which are called T-points, there are two heteroclinic orbits connecting the three singular points in…

The letter reminds the historical fact that the known "Lorenz gauge" (or "Lorenz condition/relation") is first mentioned in a written form and named after Ludwig Valentin Lorenz and not by/after Hendrik Antoon Lorentz.

The thesis developed by Cornelius Lanczos in his doctoral dissertation is that electrodynamics is a pure field theory which is hyperanalytic over the algebra of biquaternions. In this theory Maxwell's homogeneous equations correspond to a…

The properties of light in the presence of electromagnetic and gravitational fields are compared. Once one takes account of the fact that clock rates vary with distance from a massive object, it is argued that in an absolute sense light…

As early as 1867, two years after the introduction of the concept of entropy by Clausius, Maxwell showed that the limitations imposed by the second law of thermodynamics depend on the information that one possesses about the state of a…