相关论文: Relativistic properties of a molecule: energy, lin…
We present a new derivation of the expressions for momentum and energy of a relativistic particle. In contrast to the procedures commonly adopted in textbooks, the one suggested here requires only the knowledge of the composition law for…
The relativistic angular momentum is introduced as an extension of the non-relativistic analysis of allowed states in the phase space for a quantum particle. The paper shows the conceptual basis of the approach. An interesting feature of…
The concepts of relative velocity and acceleration, deviation velocity and acceleration and relative momentum of point particles in spaces (manifolds), the tangent bundle of which is equipped with a transport along paths, are introduced. If…
Four expressions involving sums of position and velocity coordinates bounding the total angular momentum of particle systems, and by extension of any continuous or discontinuous material systems, are derived which are tighter for any…
We consider the positions and velocities of electrons and spinning nuclei and demonstrate that these particles harbour hidden momentum when located in an electromagnetic field. This hidden momentum is present in all atoms and molecules,…
A rigorous quantum description of molecular dynamics with a particular emphasis on internal observables is developed accounting explicitly for kinetic couplings between nuclei and electrons. Rotational modes are treated in a genuinely…
The energy and momentum for different cosmological models using various prescriptions are evaluated. In particular, we have focused our attention on the energy and momentum for gravitational waves and discuss the results. It is concluded…
Based on relativistic velocity addition and the conservation of momentum and energy, I present derivations of the expressions for the relativistic momentum and kinetic energy, and $E=mc^2$.
We consider the presence of odd powers of the speed of light $c$ in the covariant nonrelativistic expansion of General Relativity (GR). The term of order $c$ in the relativistic metric is a vector potential that contributes at leading order…
A modification of the accepted relativistic energy momentum relation is suggested. The new relation allows massive particles to have a maximum velocity c(m) greater than the velocity of light c. The effect of the modification suggested here…
An elementary understanding of the relevant length, mass and energy scales at the molecular level can be used to explain the order of magnitude of material properties such as mass density, latent heat, surface tension, elastic moduli and…
In Molecular Dynamics (MD), the forces applied to atoms derive from potentials which describe the energy of bonds, valence angles, torsion angles, and Lennard-Jones interactions of which molecules are made. These de finitions are classic;…
These lecture notes are intended to introduce the theory of rotating stars in general relativity. The focus is put on the theoretical foundations, with a detailed discussion of the spacetime symmetries, the choice of coordinates and the…
Motivated by ultra-high-energy cosmic ray physics, we discuss all the possible alternatives to the familiar Lorentz transformations of the momentum and the energy of a particle. Starting from natural physical requirements, we exclude all…
The nature of intrinsic/extrinsic character of angular momentum is defined in terms of the kind of the associated rotational energy of the light. The salient features of the spin energy of light and photon are highlighted. Spin angular…
We present an introduction to mass and angular momentum in General Relativity. After briefly reviewing energy-momentum for matter fields, first in the flat Minkowski case (Special Relativity) and then in curved spacetimes with or without…
The equilibrium distribution function of a relativistic ideal gas has been derived to include the effect of angular momentum. The result agrees with the one obtained from kinetic theory, and consistent with relativistic thermodynamics. The…
Different electron states in atom are proposed. The states are bound to the electrostatic field of atomic nucleus cut off on its size. The states exist solely during acceleration of the atom exceeding the certain large value. The binding…
Generalized definitions for angular and linear momentum are given and shown to reduce to the ADM (at spatial infinity) definitions and the definitions at null infinity in the appropriate limit. These definitions are used to express angular…
The speed of light is usually taken as one of the fundamental constants. String, and field, theories appear to require the altercation of this constant into a functional form $E(m,c)$ which is not $E=mc^2$. The analysis requires the…