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We model the multiwavelength properties of binaries accreting at super-critical rates with the aim to better understand the observational properties of Ultra-luminous X-ray Sources (ULXs). We calculate an extended grid of binary systems…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2021-11-17 Elena Ambrosi , Luca Zampieri , Fabio Pintore , Anna Wolter

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has enabled the discovery of hundreds of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at redshifts $z\gtrsim 4-7$. A non-negligible fraction of these SMBHs are hosted in galaxies with BH-to-galaxy mass ratios…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2026-02-17 Haojie Hu , Hiroto Yanagisawa , Moka Nishigaki , Tomokazu Kiyota , Tomoaki Ishiyama , Ken Ohsuga

We model for the first time the complete orbital evolution of a pair of Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) in a 1:10 galaxy merger of two disk dominated gas-rich galaxies, from the stage prior to the formation of the binary up to the onset of…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-04 Fazeel Mahmood Khan , Ingo Berentzen , Peter Berczik , Andreas Just , Lucio Mayer , Keigo Nitadori , Simone Callegari

We study the demographics of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the local and high-z universe with hard X-ray luminosity functions (HXLFs) of AGNs. First, we compare the mass accretion history at z>0 with optical luminosity functions…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 T. Hosokawa

Extremely massive black holes, with masses $M_{\rm BH} > 10^9 M_\odot$, have been observed at ever higher redshifts. These results create ever tighter constraints on the formation and growth mechanisms of early black holes. Here we show…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2021-01-13 Kastytis Zubovas , Andrew R. King

We study a sample of $\sim$50,000 dwarf starburst and late-type galaxies drawn from the COSMOS survey with the aim of investigating the presence of nuclear accreting black holes (BHs) as those seed BHs from which supermassive BHs could grow…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2016-01-19 M. Mezcua , F. Civano , G. Fabbiano , T. Miyaji , S. Marchesi

A supermassive black hole (SMBH) of $\sim 3\times 10^6 \, \rm M_\odot$ was recently detected via dynamical measurements at the center of the dwarf galaxy Leo I. Standing $\sim 2$ orders of magnitude above standard scaling relations, this…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2022-11-29 Fabio Pacucci , Abraham Loeb

We present a comprehensive synthesis model for the AGN evolution and the growth of supermassive black holes in the Universe. We solve the continuity equation for SMBH mass function using the locally determined one as a boundary condition,…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 Andrea Merloni , Sebastian Heinz

The presence of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at high redshifts ($z>5$), as revealed by James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), challenges standard black hole (BH) formation scenarios. We propose a mechanism in which non-annihilating dark…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-01-05 Sulagna Bhattacharya , Debajit Bose , Basudeb Dasgupta , Jaya Doliya , Ranjan Laha

The ubiquity of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of nearby luminous galaxies can arise from the multiple mergers experienced by dark matter halos in hierarchical structure formation models, even if only a small fraction of…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-06 Kristen Menou , Zoltan Haiman , Vijay K. Narayanan

We present a method for comparing the H$\beta$ emission-line profiles of observed supermassive black hole (SBHB) candidates and models of sub-parsec SBHBs in circumbinary disks. Using the approach based on principal component analysis we…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2020-05-20 Khai Nguyen , Tamara Bogdanovic , Jessie C. Runnoe , Michael Eracleous , Steinn Sigurdsson , Todd Boroson

The high redshift ($z>10$) galaxies GHZ9 and UHZ1 observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) are very massive and have exceptionally high black hole-to-star mass ratios with the central black hole masses $M\gtrsim 10^7\rm~M_\odot$.…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2024-10-10 Hai-Long Huang , Yu-Tong Wang , Yun-Song Piao

Observations have established that the masses of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) correlate tightly with the stellar masses of their host galaxies, albeit with substantial scatter. The magnitude of this scatter as a function of galaxy mass…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2025-09-15 Bocheng Zhu , Volker Springel

We investigate the growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at high redshift ($z \ge 10$) from a combination of dark matter capture, black-hole mergers, and gas accretion. It has previously been shown that SMBHs can form by $z \approx 10$…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2026-05-14 Andrew Imai , Grant J. Mathews , Guobao Tang , Brian Zhang

We investigate the evolution of high redshift seed black hole masses at late times and their observational signatures. The massive black hole seeds studied here form at extremely high redshifts from the direct collapse of pre-galactic gas…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-13 M. Volonteri , G. Lodato , P. Natarajan

(Abridged) The repeated discovery of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of galactic bulges, and the discovery of relations between the SMBH mass (M) and the properties of these bulges, has been fundamental in directing our…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-14 D. Batcheldor , A. M. Koekemoer

The supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with mass $M_\bullet > 10^9 \, \rm M_\odot$ hosted by high-redshift galaxies have challenged our understanding of black hole formation and growth, as several pathways have emerged attempting to explain…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2025-11-10 Matthew T. Scoggins , Zoltan Haiman , Fabio Pacucci

The spin is an important but poorly constrained parameter for describing supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Using the continuity equation of SMBH number density, we explicitly obtain the mass-dependent cosmological evolution of the radiative…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-04 Yan-Rong Li , Jian-Min Wang , Luis C. Ho

Observations of luminous quasars at $z\gtrsim7$ reveal supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with inferred masses $M_{\rm BH}\sim10^9 \, M_\odot$ formed within the first $\sim700$~Myr of cosmic history. Standard growth channels \textrm{ -- }…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-04-21 Chian-Shu Chen , Feng-Li Lin