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This paper studies simple bilevel problems, where a convex upper-level function is minimized over the optimal solutions of a convex lower-level problem. We first show the fundamental difficulty of simple bilevel problems, that the…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-01-28 Huaqing Zhang , Lesi Chen , Jing Xu , Jingzhao Zhang

Here, necessary optimal condition for Optimistic Bilevel programming problem is obtained in Asplund spaces. Also we have got necessary optimal conditions in finite dimensional spaces, by assuming differentiability on the given functions.

最优化与控制 · 数学 2019-01-11 Suvendu Pattanaik

Bilevel learning refers to machine learning problems that can be formulated as bilevel optimization models, where decisions are organized in a hierarchical structure. This paradigm has recently gained considerable attention in machine…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-05-05 Riccardo Grazzi , Massimiliano Pontil , Saverio Salzo , Alain Zemkoho

Although application examples of multilevel optimization have already been discussed since the 1990s, the development of solution methods was almost limited to bilevel cases due to the difficulty of the problem. In recent years, in machine…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2021-10-27 Ryo Sato , Mirai Tanaka , Akiko Takeda

The paper addresses the study and applications of a broad class of extended-real-valued functions, known as optimal value or marginal functions, which are frequently appeared in variational analysis, parametric optimization, and a variety…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-02-05 Le Phuoc Hai , Felipe Lara , Boris S. Mordukhovich

Bilevel optimization has been applied to a wide variety of machine learning models, and numerous stochastic bilevel optimization algorithms have been developed in recent years. However, most existing algorithms restrict their focus on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-28 Hongchang Gao , Bin Gu , My T. Thai

Bilevel learning has gained prominence in machine learning, inverse problems, and imaging applications, including hyperparameter optimization, learning data-adaptive regularizers, and optimizing forward operators. The large-scale nature of…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-05-20 Mohammad Sadegh Salehi , Subhadip Mukherjee , Lindon Roberts , Matthias J. Ehrhardt

Bilevel optimization has witnessed a resurgence of interest, driven by its critical role in trustworthy and efficient AI applications. While many recent works have established convergence to stationary points or local minima, obtaining the…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-12-25 Quan Xiao , Tianyi Chen

Bilevel optimization has been successfully applied to many important machine learning problems. Algorithms for solving bilevel optimization have been studied under various settings. In this paper, we study the nonconvex-strongly-convex…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2022-06-14 Xuxing Chen , Minhui Huang , Shiqian Ma

Automated hyperparameter search in machine learning, especially for deep learning models, is typically formulated as a bilevel optimization problem, with hyperparameter values determined by the upper level and the model learning achieved by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-06 Meltem Apaydin Ustun , Liang Xu , Bo Zeng , Xiaoning Qian

This paper presents a comprehensive review of techniques proposed in the literature for solving bilevel optimization problems encountered in various real-life applications. Bilevel optimization is an appropriate choice for hierarchical…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-11-06 Dhaval Pujara , Ankur Sinha

Bilevel Optimization has experienced significant advancements recently with the introduction of new efficient algorithms. Mirroring the success in single-level optimization, stochastic gradient-based algorithms are widely used in bilevel…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-11-12 Junyi Li , Heng Huang

Bilevel optimization is a central tool in machine learning for high-dimensional hyperparameter tuning. Its applications are vast; for instance, in imaging it can be used for learning data-adaptive regularizers and optimizing forward…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-11-11 Mohammad Sadegh Salehi , Subhadip Mukherjee , Lindon Roberts , Matthias J. Ehrhardt

In optimization-based image restoration models, the correct selection of hyperparameters is crucial for achieving superior performance. However, current research typically involves manual tuning of these hyperparameters, which is highly…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-04-03 Hang Xie , Xuewen Li , Peili Li , Qiuyu Wang

Bilevel programming problems frequently arise in real-world applications across various fields, including transportation, economics, energy markets and healthcare. These problems have been proven to be NP-hard even in the simplest form with…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-09-06 Sina Hajikazemi , Florian Steinke

Bilevel optimization is defined as a mathematical program, where an optimization problem contains another optimization problem as a constraint. These problems have received significant attention from the mathematical programming community.…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2020-12-08 Ankur Sinha , Pekka Malo , Kalyanmoy Deb

We consider bilevel linear problems, where the right-hand side of the lower level problems is stochastic. The leader has to decide in a here-and-now fashion, while the follower has complete information. In this setting, the leader's outcome…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2019-07-11 Johanna Burtscheidt , Matthias Claus

Bilevel optimization has become a powerful framework in various machine learning applications including meta-learning, hyperparameter optimization, and network architecture search. There are generally two classes of bilevel optimization…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-03 Kaiyi Ji

Bilevel optimization, a well-established field for modeling hierarchical decision-making problems, has recently intersected with sustainability studies and practices, resulting in a series of works focusing on bilevel optimization problems…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-04-07 Giulia Caselli , Manuel Iori , Ivana Ljubić

Functional bilevel optimization (FBO) provides a powerful framework for hierarchical learning in function spaces, yet current methods are limited to static offline settings and perform suboptimally in online, non-stationary scenarios. We…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-01-23 Jason Bohne , Ieva Petrulionyte , Michael Arbel , Julien Mairal , Paweł Polak